Introduction: Many questions regarding the petrogenesis of mare basalts remain unresolved. Trace element and isotope geochemists tend to view the range of mare basalt compositional groups as independent primary magmas and develop mantle melting models to explain the compositional diversity [e.g. 1, 2, 3]. On the other hand, petrologists view the mare basalt suites as non-primary and suggest tha...

Framework silicates form about 70% of the Earth’s crust, mainly feldspars ~50–60% and quartz ~10–15%. Less-abundant feldspathoids include nepheline-, leucite-, sodalite-group minerals, rich in structurally challenging properties. This review paper deals with anhydrous feldspar-, leucite/pollucite groups, emphasising importance parallel studies on natural synthetic samples. Four topics are cover...

Silicate glasses and melts have been of interest to mineralogists, geochemists and igneous petrologists for many decades. Silicate melts are essential components of igneous processes, participating actively in Earth differentiation, heat transfer and global geodynamics, and geochemical cycles. Melt viscosity can decrease some 20 orders of magnitude below that of corresponding solids, and timesc...

Almost all alkali feldspar crystals contain a rich inventory of exsolution, twin, and domain microtextures that form subsequent to crystal growth and provide a record of the thermal history of the crystal and often of its involvement in replacement reactions, sometimes multiple. Microtextures strongly influence the subsequent behavior of feldspars at low temperatures during diagenesis and weath...

In order to assess the effect of eruption rate on the surface morphology and degassing mechanisms of silicic lava flows, we studied surface characteristics and obtained water content and hydrogen isotopic values of samples from flows at the Mount St. Helens and Santiaguito lava domes. We compared the surface textures and inferred degassing processes to short-term extrusion rates and found that ...

Abstract Calculating the temperatures of magmas from which granitoid rocks solidify is a key task studying their petrogenesis, but few geothermometers are satisfactory. Zircon saturation thermometry has been most widely used because it conceptually simple and practically convenient, based on experimental calibrations with significant correlation calculated zircon temperature ( T Zr ) zirconium ...

Abstract. For more than half a century, exploring complete sequence of the oceanic crust from seafloor through Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) and into uppermost mantle has been one most challenging missions scientific ocean drilling. Such technological achievement would provide humankind with profound insights largest realm our planet expand fundamental understanding Earth's deep interior its...

Abstract Basalts and basaltic rocks are the most abundant igneous on earth their petrologic geochemical studies have formed our knowledge base thermal structure composition of mantle with which we developed workable models chemical differentiation earth. All this would not been possible without innovative painstaking experimental petrology peridotite melting, magma generation evolution largely ...

The available experimental data and steady-state calculations make it difficult to explain the M discontinuity beneath both oceans and continents on the basis of the same phase change. The oceanic M discontinuity may be a chemical discontinuity between basalt and peridotite , and a similar chemical discontinuity ma,y thus be expected b�neath the conti­ nents. Since ayailable experimental data p...

introduction the generation and evolution of granitic magmas has been a hot debated subject among petrologists. the diversity of their origin has led different authors to propose that these rocks are not simple in their origin and might be generated in more ways than one. in the past several decades, many petrologists used a variety characteristics to subdivide the granitoid rocks. such proposa...