The objective of this study was to test the performance of a recently proposed methodology for the estimation of realized effective size (N(e)) based on individual increase in inbreeding (DeltaF(i)) on several real pedigrees: (a) an experimental mice population; (b) a closed pedigree of fighting bulls; (c) the Spanish Purebred (SPB, Andalusian) horse pedigree; (d) the Carthusian strain of SPB p...

Various forms of intensive sport place stress on the musculoskeletal system of the horse, during both racing and training. The musculoskeletal system of the horse has an inherent ability to adapt to the demands of high speed exercise, but exceeding the threshold of adaptive capacity may result in some form of damage. Continuing racing or training may delay the repair process and put the horse a...

This article intends to clarify views regarding important challenges that have originated from the political, social, cultural and geopolitical structures in the elections systems of Persian Gulf Arab countries. Challenges that determine the compatibility levels of elections systems of these countries with the world’s democratic systems. An efficient elections system is the prerequisite for the...

We employ a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) in a fully prognostic mode to study the circulation and water mass properties of the Persian Gulf – a large inverse estuary. Our findings, which are in good agreement with observational evidence, suggest that the Persian Gulf experiences a distinct seasonal cycle in which a gulfwide cyclonic overturning circulation establishes in sprin...

The primary concern of this research is to reassess the British foreign policy, focusing on its military withdrawal in 1971 from the Persian Gulf and its return in 2014. The Persian Gulf, as a region of geo-strategic importance, has always been at the center of attention for the UK and other great world powers. This study will therefore attempt to answer the following question: what are the rea...

The Arab cultural heritage was an era of invaluable preservation and development of numerous teachings, including biomedical sciences. The golden period of Arab medicine deserves special attention in the history of medicine and pharmacy, as it was the period of rapid translation of works from Greek and Persian cultures into Arabic. They preserved their culture, and science from decay, and then ...

The Arab world is experiencing an economic boom of historic proportions. The tiny Persian Gulf emirate of Dubai is emblematic. Boasting the world’s only 7-star hotel, its massive land reclamation project, allegedly the only manmade structure visible from the moon, is whimsically creating parcels shaped like continents and palm trees. With oil hovering around $90 a barrel and the Egyptian stock ...

When conducting breeding programs and to design systems of mating, the inbreeding population percentage changes should be considered. Crosses non-scientific population of the Iranian Arab horses do it that purity has been threatened. This pedigree breed after DNA tests will be recorded by WAHO. To determine the status of inbreeding in the pedigree mentioned horse population based on information...

Linguistic/cultural differences of learners’ native language with English as a foreign language, gender and English proficiency level are among those numerous variables which affect English learning and its quality in Iranian context. The present study was an attempt to illuminate the effects of these variables on performing integrative approach of general English tests (cloze test and recall t...

Introduction With the decline in the overland Silk Routes in the fifth century AD, traders from West Asia looked increasingly to the sea for alternative routes to China, and the silk they so highly valued. By the seventh century, with new advances in rigging technology and celestial navigation, they had successfully mastered the long seaborne journey, establishing the transoceanic sailing route...