A rare association of moyamoya disease with intra- and periventricular hemorrhage in an 8-year-old girl is presented. Angiography showed that the cause of hemorrhage was extravasation from the dilated anterior choroidal artery. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt and encephalomyosynangiosis have prevented clinical or neurological deficits for over 6 years.

Periventricular leukomalacia is an important complication of hypoperfusion of the brain in immature newborn infants. In a real-time ultrasound study with frequent scanning of 120 infants of birth weight less than 1,501 g, hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia was observed in nine (7.5%), and in five of these infants subsequent development of cystic degeneration was noted. The overall inciden...

Sequential computed tomographic scans were obtained in 41 neonates surviving intracerebral hemorrhage and in 41 comparable neonates without hemorrhage. Hemorrhages were present in only the parenchyma in five patients in both parenchyma and ventricles in 22, and in only the ventricles in 14. No patient exhibited progression of the initial hemorrhage on subsequent scans. Parenchymal hemorrhages w...

Periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH/IVH) into brain can occur in premature infants and is associated with poor developmental outcome. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a model of PVH/IVH in newborn mouse. We hypothesized that periventricular germinal matrix would exhibit reduced cell proliferation. PVH/IVH was induced in 1-day-old mice by injection of autolo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common neurological problem of premature infants. Despite this, mechanisms of brain injury from intraventricular hemorrhage are elusive. We hypothesized that germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage, by induction of NAD(P)H oxidases, might cause oxidative/nitrosative stress contributing to br...

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and classical periventricular leukomalacia complex are considered the two most common forms of perinatal anoxic-ischemic brain injury. However, recently, a third entity, the periventricular leukomalacia complex (PLC) was described and was seen in 31 percent of 61 premature infants coming to autopsy from the University of Connecticut Neonatal Intensive Care Unit...

In this article, Kaffashian and colleagues sought to determine whether white matter hyperintensities and covert brain infarcts (BI) were associated with different stroke subtypes other than small vessel disease, as has been previously shown. To that end, they prospectively followed 1731 stroke-free participants from the Three-City Dijon Study who had brain magnetic resonance imaging data, for ≤...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify risk factors that were associated with mortality and adverse neurologic outcome at 18 months of age in preterm infants with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of all preterm infants who were <37 weeks' gestation, had periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, and were admitted between 1995 and 2006. Ultras...

Brain injury in the premature infant is an extremely important problem, in part because of the large absolute number of infants affected yearly. The 2 principal brain lesions that underlie the neurological manifestations subsequently observed in premature infants are periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and periventricular leukomalacia. The emphases of this article are the neuropathological f...