A polyclonal antibody was used to localize a glycine-rich cell wall protein (GRP 1.8) in French bean hypocotyls with the indirect immunogold method. GRP 1.8 could be localized mainly in the unlignified primary cell walls of the oldest protoxylem elements and also in cell corners of both proto- and metaxylem elements. In addition, GRP 1.8 was detected in phloem using tissue printing. The labeled...

We tested the hypothesis that increasing the number of metaxylem vessels would enhance the efficiency of water uptake in soybean (Glycine max) and decrease the yield gap in water-limited environments. A panel of 41 soybean accessions was evaluated in greenhouse, rainout shelter, and rain-fed field environments. The metaxylem number influenced the internal capture of CO2 and improved stomatal co...

Six species/cultivars were selected for the comparative anatomical studies of leaf in the genus Rosa from Faisalabad and adjoining administrative districts. The most widely cultivated R. damascena showed some specific anatomical modifications in leaves such as thick leaves (lamina), thick upper epidermis, large palisade cells, wide protoxylem vessels, large phloem area and large and more stomat...

The loss of leaves by plant species found in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) is an energetically expensive process due to adverse environmental conditions and predation by herbivory. The mature leaves have adaptations which minimize these events. However, the young individuals lack these structures and produce high leaf concentrations of secondary metabolites as a form of protection. These comp...

Increasing the nitrogen use efficiency of maize is an important goal for food security and agricultural sustainability. In the past 100 years, maize breeding has focused on yield and above-ground phenes. Over this period, maize cultivation has changed from low fertilizer inputs and low population densities to intensive fertilization and dense populations. The authors hypothesized that through i...

The detrimental drought effects could be listed as the loss in dry weight and silicon is known to enhance crop tolerance to drought by increasing seedling growth and hydraulic conductivity. To investigate the effects of silicon priming (0, 1 and 2 mM as sodium silicate), on seedling growth and root anatomy of three barley cultivars (Khatam, Rihane, and Nimrooz) a laboratory experiment was condu...

The effects of medium pH on cell expansion and tracheary element (TE) differentiation were investigated in differentiating mesophyll suspension cultures of Zinnia elegans L. In unbuffered cultures initially adjusted to pH 5.5, the medium pH fluctuated reproducibly, decreasing about 1 unit prior to the onset of TE differentiation and then increasing when the initiation of new Tes was complete. E...