INTRODUCTION Most clinical studies on the outcome of apical surgery concentrate on periapical healing based on radiographic and clinical characteristics (signs and symptoms). This study focuses on long-term changes in periodontal parameters after apical surgery. METHODS Periodontal parameters (ie, probing depth [PD], level of gingival margin [GM], and calculated clinical attachment level [CAL...

Odontogenic infections can result from several conditions, such as pulp necrosis, periodontal disease, pericoronitis, trauma, or surgery.  The three types of odontogenic dental abscesses are endodontal periapical, periodontal, and pericoronal, depending on where the infection first developed. Periodontal abscesses, which particularly common in people with untreated disease patients during ...

Periodontal surgery is an essential part of modern periodontal therapy. Selection of the appropriate incision technique is one of the main preconditions for a complication-free healing process involving minimum esthetic impairment. This applies not only to periodontal surgery but also to oral surgery and implant surgery. The different surgical incision techniques are described in detail from th...

It has been very nicely quoted by Ambroise Paré that ‘’There are five duties of surgery: to remove what is superfluous, restore dislocated, separate grown together, reunite divided, and redress the defects nature.1 pare in year 1537 gave rise a revolution surgical techniques medical field. Defining surgery at 21st century only possible his constant dedication hard work. Surgery defined as act a...

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate periodontal tissue repair after CO2 laser applications in the treatment of severe periodontal defects. Five patients, three men and two women, age range 37 to 55 years, were enrolled. All of the participants in the study were in good general health and presented with at least one tooth with PD of 6 to 9 mm and bleeding on probing. At baseline, all...

The present study tested the effects of local injection of IL-1 and TNF soluble receptors on a periodontal wound-healing model in nonhuman primates. In this model, periodontal lesions were developed for 16 wk, followed by open flap surgery. Starting at the time of surgery, groups of animals received localized injections of both soluble cytokine receptors or else PBS three times per week for 3, ...

Clinical application of lasers in periodontal surgery has continued to expand in the last decade; however, controversies remain regarding their use. This article will describe the clinical application of erbium: YAG lasers for periodontal surgery: flap operations, osseous surgery, and semi-lunar coronally repositioned flap procedures, and peri-implantitis treatment by laser will be discussed.

BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used medications for both medical and dental ailments. These drugs have been shown to increase bleeding during surgeries, which may prompt practitioners to discontinue their use before surgical procedures. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of a common NSAID, ibuprofen, on bleeding during per...