Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in human beings, characterized by irreversible destruction on tooth supporting tissues such as alveolar bone, Periodontal Ligaments (PDL) and cement. The pathogenesis involves a complex interaction between the host’s immune response to microbial colony localized in periodontal part, and modifying host factors, including smoking, gen...

LLE Review, Volume 134 136 Introduction Selective removal of subgingival dental calculus is a preferred treatment method in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. While complete removal of calculus and disease-causing agents (i.e., oral bacteria) is of primary importance, leaving behind a hard tissue surface less prone to bacterial accumulation is also important. Grooves and craters resulting from co...

Tendons and ligaments are dense fibrous bands of connective tissue that integrate musculoskeletal components in vertebrates. Tendons connect skeletal muscles to the bone and function as mechanical force transmitters, whereas ligaments bind adjacent bones together to stabilize joints and restrict unwanted joint movement. Fibroblasts residing in tendons and ligaments are called tenocytes and liga...

Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth (periodontium). The periodontium consists of four tissues : gingiva, alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. Tobbaco use is one of the modifiable risk factors and has enormous influance on the development, progres and tretmen results of periodontal disease. The relationship between smoking and perio...

Periodontal disease is one of the most frequent conditions in individuals, having major health and social implications. Progressing as a chronic inflammation at the level of tooth support tissues, untreated chronic periodontitis may lead to a premature loss of the dental organ. Even though the main lesions caused by the periodontal disease affect the alveolo-dental ligaments, we tried to highli...

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the periodontal masseteric reflex (PMR) after experimentally induced occlusal hypofunction. Wistar rats were divided into control groups (CGs) and hypofunction groups (HGs). Rats in the HGs had their lower incisors cut down every other day for 6 weeks. Electrical stimulation was given to the periodontal ligaments of an upper incisor or the...

Human periodontal ligament from resorbing deciduous teeth demonstrated collagenolytic activity when incubated on collagen gels. This activity was directly proportional to the size of the explant and length of time of incubation. No activity was observed in ligaments obtained from completely formed premolar teeth.

Orthodontic forces are capable of reorganizing and remodeling the periodontal ligament, to facilitate tooth movement. Optimal forces will produce favorable tissue responses, but whenever this balance is lost (as in the case of high force magnitudes, or in the presence of reduced periodontal support), the periodontal ligament may respond differently. This review highlights the responses of the p...