Experimental and numerical results have shown that two-dimensional surface roughness can stabilize a hypersonic boundary layer dominated by second-mode instability. It is sought to understand how this physical phenomenon extends from an airflow under a perfect gas assumption to that of a real gas. To these ends, a new high-order shock-fitting method that includes thermochemical nonequilibrium a...

One of the most important of the many achievements of Willard Gibbs was the derivation of a single equation of universal validity, by which the properties of a macroscopic system in equilibrium could be expressed in terms of the submicroscopic mechanical properties of the molecules composing it. I wish to discuss the present status of the methods of numerical evaluation of one problem using thi...

A manifest covariant equilibrium statistical mechanics is constructed starting with a 8N dimensional extended phase space which is reduced to the 6N physical degrees of freedom using the Poincaré-invariant constrained Hamiltonian dynamics describing the micro-dynamics of the system. The reduction of the extended phase space is initiated forcing the particles on energy shell and fixing their ind...