In this paper, I examine how some nomadic pastoralists in Iran changed their use of the physical environment over the past thirty years and how these changes related to their economic practices. I base this paper on my anthropological research among Qashqa’i nomadic pastoralists in southwestern Iran in the 1970s and 1990s, including eight visits since the revolution in 1978-1979 and the Islamic...

The East African drylands cover about 47% of the land surface and host 20 million people. Rural people living in are mainly pastoralists who depend on livestock for both economic social well-being. During dry season, apply strategic mobility to access grazing resources efficiently. However, this strategy has experienced change constraints due various demographic- climate-related challenges. Pas...

Dairy cattle have a significant share in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, due to the growing demand for milk and products, it is worth looking solutions effectively reduce environmental impact of dairy farming. The article reviews literature on reduction emissions from farms through dietary interventions. Significant can be achieved by optimizing use various feed additives. Silvo-past...

Semi-nomadic pastoralism was replaced by sedentary pastoralism in Inner Mongolia during the 1960's in response to changes in land use policy and increasing human population. Large increases in numbers of livestock and pastoralist households (11- and 9-fold, respectively) during the past 60 yrs have variously degraded the majority of grasslands in Inner Mongolia (78 M ha) and jeopardize the live...

Khuzestan has one of the most detailed and well documented archaeological sequences in the Near East, thanks to years of excavation and survey by many researchers. This work has led to some understanding of political, economic, and social life in southwestern Iran from the time of the early villages to that of the early states and the historic empires. Over the millennia, agriculture and pastor...

In this review, the author discusses how pastoralism, and its many constituent components, is increasingly being recognised as in tune with the changing political and ecological nature of rangelands. He describes ways in which the literature reflects this changing attitude, outlines how rangelands respond to changes in climate and explores the evolving use of livestock resources. In addition, h...

This paper estimates the markup for the Mexican manufacturing sector to detect the impact of trade liberalization on market power. Using Hall’s proposal that states that a procyclical Solow residual is an indication of market power, this research estimates the markup for different periods to detect the change in market power after trade liberalization was implemented. We account for the potenti...

MOST PEOPLE AGREE that stock prices sometimes behave in strange ways. Going beyond this simple observation typically proves more difficult. For at least the past quarter century, economists have been well aware that the variation of stock prices does not nicely match the familiar bell-shaped normal distribution.1 The problem is too many extreme movements. Very large increases or decreases would...