In the period of October 2007 to August 2008, 152 specimens of Pygocentrus nattereri were caught in the Negro River in the Nhecolândia region, central Pantanal wetland, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The specimens were necropsied and a total of 4,212 metazoan endoparasites were recovered, belonging to 10 taxons: Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Philometridae gen. sp., Eustrongy...

worms. The body is vermiform and is markedly annulated. The rings are, however, merely superficial and no trace of any segmentation is present. They therefore are considered as degenerated forms of the Class Arachnida and have been included under a distinct Order, Pentastomida, which includes among others the family Lingucitulidce. The life-history of this arthropod includes two hosts, one carn...

Armillifer agkistrodontis (Ichthyostraca: Pantastomida) is a parasitic pathogen, only reported in China, which can cause a zoonotic disease, pentastomiasis. A complete mitochondrial (mt) genome was 16,521 bp comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 non-coding region (NCR). A phylogenetic tree drawn with the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 6 conserve...

Armillifer parasites, belonging to the Pentastomida subclass, are commonly known cause infection in animals, particularly reptiles. Although rare, cases of humans have been reported. Most asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, with severe presentations being uncommon. Symptoms can vary depending on whether nymph is encysted actively dying, leading immune-mediated reactions. Diagnostic imaging find...