Some criminal suspects claim to have had an alcohol-induced blackout during crimes they have committed. Are alcoholic blackouts a frequently occurring phenomenon, or are they merely used as an excuse to minimize responsibility? Frequency and type of blackout were surveyed retrospectively in two healthy samples (n = 256 and n = 100). Also, a comparison of blood alcohol concentrations was made be...

We propose BlackOut, an approximation algorithm to efficiently train massive recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) with million word vocabularies. BlackOut is motivated by using a discriminative loss, and we describe a weighted sampling strategy which significantly reduces computation while improving stability, sample efficiency, and rate of convergence. One way to understand BlackO...

With the advent of advanced technology in smart grid, the implementation of renewable energy in a stressed and complicated power system operation, aggravated by a competitive electricity market and critical system contingencies, this will inflict higher probabilities of the occurrence of a severe dynamic power system blackout. This paper presents the proposed stochastic event tree technique use...

penalty clause or liquidated damage which is formerly agreed between parties is legally examined and accepted as a rule. although judge could in some circumstances modify this stipulation. yet its economic analysis which is focused on economic efficiency can be considered as a “major unexplained puzzle in the economic theory of law”. this article compares the major legal systems in the case of ...

In order to estimate and evaluate the blackout consequence in distribution network, a comprehensive evaluation index system including seven indexes was built, in which the blackouts loss for both users and power companies are fully considered. A comprehensive evaluation model based on AHP and improved grey clustering decision model was provided to evaluate the blackout consequence of different ...

This paper uses an unusual month-long blackout in Zanzibar, Tanzania, to measure the effect of electricity on labor and health. Relying on special purpose household surveys I find that the power cut caused a large decline in household income among those employed in occupations that require the use of electricity. Workers relying on artificial lighting reduced work hours by an average of 8%, or ...

We consider the risk of cascading failure of electric power transmission systems as overall loading is increased. There is evidence from both abstract and power systems models of cascading failure that there is a critical loading at which the risk of cascading failure sharply increases. Moreover, as expected in a phase transition, at the critical loading there is a power tail in the probability...

The dynamics of power system blackouts and the associated Self-Organized Criticality (SOC) behavior is a subject that receives continuous attention in view of its inherent complexity and relevant consequences. Within this context, the paper focuses on the short-term dynamic and, more specifically, aims at studying the role of the spinning reserve and frequency control on the blackout mechanism....