An understanding of the coordination of the leg muscles in recumbent pedaling would be useful to the design of rehabilitative pedaling exercises. The objectives of this work were to (i) determine whether patterns of muscle activity while pedaling in the recumbent and upright positions are similar when the different orientation in the gravity field is considered, (ii) compare the functional role...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A principle of poststroke rehabilitation is that effort should be avoided since it leads to increased spasticity and produces widespread associated abnormal reactions. Although weakness also contributes to movement dysfunction after a stroke, it has been feared that heightened activity levels during strength training will further exacerbate the abnormal tone imbalance pre...

The importance of bilateral sensorimotor signals in coordination of locomotion has been demonstrated in animals but is difficult to ascertain in humans due to confounding effects of mechanical transmission of forces between the legs (i.e., mechanical interleg coupling). In a previous pedaling study, by eliminating mechanical interleg coupling, we showed that muscle coordination of a unipedal ta...

We report the existence of large gaps in the band structure of a comblike structure composed of a onedimensional magnonic waveguide along which N8 dangling side branches are grafted at N equidistant sites. These gaps originate not only from the periodicity of the system but also from the resonance states of the grafted branches ~which play the role of resonators!. The width of these gaps is sen...

Frequent infusions of intravenous factor VIII (FVIII) are required to prevent bleeding associated with hemophilia A. To reduce the treatment burden, recombinant FVIII with a longer half-life was developed without changing the protein structure. FVIII-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates were prepared using an enzymatic process coupling PEG (ranging from 10 to 80 kDa) selectively to a unique O-l...

Poly(amide amine) dendrimer with naphthyl units (N8) as a fluorescent chemosensor for metal ions was synthesized. We investigated the metal ion recognition of N8. Large changes in the fluorescence spectra of N8 were observed upon the addition of cadmium and zinc ions.

CONTEXT It is not clear how noncyclists control joint power and kinematics in different mechanical setups (saddle height, workload, and pedaling cadence). Joint mechanical work contribution and kinematics analysis could improve our comprehension of the coordinative pattern of noncyclists and provide evidence for bicycle setup to prevent injury. OBJECTIVE To compare joint mechanical work distr...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differential perceived exertion measured using a new set of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) during pedaling and running. The subjects were eleven healthy males. They performed an incremental maximal test and then three 4-min stages of exercise, for both pedaling and running. During the tests, VO2, V(CO2), V(E), f, and HR were monitored continuously. Bl...

A major contributor to impaired locomotion post-stroke is abnormal phasing of muscle activity. While inappropriate paretic muscle phasing adapts to changing body orientation, load, and speed, it remains unclear whether paretic muscle phasing adapts to reversal of locomotor direction. We examined muscle phasing in backward pedaling, a task that requires shifts in biarticular but not uniarticular...

EEG DURING PEDALING: BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING A LOCOMOTION-LIKE TASK IN HUMANS Sanket G. Jain, B.S. Marquette University, 2009 This study characterized the brain electrical activity during pedaling, a locomotorlike task, in humans. We postulated that phasic brain activity would be associated with active pedaling, consistent with a cortical role in locomotor tasks. 64 channels of electroencephalogr...