Migratory shorebirds show regulated seasonal increases in body mass (BM) even in captivity, consisting primarily, but not exclusively, of fat. We examined whether captive red knot (Calidris canutus) exhibited seasonal alterations in mitochondrial volume (liver, pectoral muscle) and/or succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity (liver, pectoral muscle, heart, small intestine) during three distinct l...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of sulfadiazine on embryonic chicken pectoral muscles. In total, 100 fertile eggs were obtained and divided into five groups of control (no injection) and sulfadiazine injection at doses of 2, 10, 30, and 70 mg/kg. After hatching, pectoral muscle tissues were harvested from the newly hatched chickens for histopathological examinatio...

In small resident bird species living at northern latitudes, winter cold acclimatization is associated with an increase in pectoral muscle size and haematocrit level, and this is thought to drive the seasonal increase in summit metabolic rate (Msum, a measure of maximal shivering thermogenic capacity). However, evidence suggesting that pectoral muscle size influences Msum is correlational and t...

The computer-aided detection (CAD) systems have been developed to help radiologists with the early detection of breast cancer. This system provides objective and accurate information to reduce the misdiagnosis of the disease. In mammography, the pectoral muscle region is used as an index to compare the symmetry between the left and right images in the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. The pector...

Breast skin–air interface and pectoral muscle segmentation are usually first steps in all CAD applications on scanned as well as digital mammograms. Breast skin–air interface segmentation is much more difficult task when performed on scanned mammograms than on digital mammograms. In case of pectoral muscle segmentation, segmentation difficulty of analog and digital mammograms is usually similar...

CASE REPORT During the routine dissection of a male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, Shri B M Patil Medical College Bijapur, India, we found a long ribbon like muscle in right pectoral region, which originated from right 5th and 6th ribs at costo-chondral junction, in between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles [Table/Fig-1]. From its origin, it travelled above and laterally ...

Extraction of the breast border and simultaneously exclusion of pectoral muscle are principal steps for diagnosing of breast cancer based on mammogram data. The objective of propose method is to classify the mediolateral oblique fragment of the pectoral muscle. The extraction of breast region is performed using the multilevel wavelet decomposition of mammogram images. Moreover, artifact suppres...

BACKGROUND Accurate regulation of Notch signalling is central for developmental processes in a variety of tissues, but its function in pectoral fin development in zebrafish is still unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that core elements necessary for a functional Notch pathway are expressed in developing pectoral fins in or near prospective muscle territories. Blocking Notch ...

Mammography is the best method for early mass detection. In order to limit the search for abnormalities by Computer Aided Diagnosis systems to the region of the breast without undue influence from the background of the mammogram, extraction of the breast contour and pectoral muscle is necessary. Breast contour helps to find the position of the nipple, which its position is important for mass de...