A method for trimming surfaces generated as solutions to Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is presented. The work we present here utilises the 2D parameter space on which the trim curves are defined whose projection on the parametrically represented PDE surface is then trimmed out. To do this we define the trim curves to be a set of boundary conditions which enable us to solve a low order e...

This paper presents a method to extend PDE surfaces to high dimensional spaces. We review a common existing analytic solution, and show how it can be used straightforwardly to increase the dimension of the space the surface is embedded within. We then further develop a numerical scheme suitable for increasing the number of variables that parametrise the surface, and investigate some of the prop...

Phophodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme profiles of human cell preparations and tissues have been analysed by a semiquantitative method using selective PDE inhibitors and activators. Neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes contain PDE IV exclusively. Lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells contain PDE IV and PDE III, and in addition, PDE I is measured in macrophages and PDE II in endoth...

In rod outer segments the light activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE alpha beta gamma 2) is accomplished by removal of the gamma inhibitory subunit (PDE gamma) from the PDE alpha beta catalytic subunits. A light activation of the inositol signaling pathway also occurs, but there is little information linking these two signal transduction pathways. Here we report that protein kinase C (PKC)...

Four cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities were separated from low-speed supernatants of homogenates of human cardiac ventricle by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, and designated PDE I-PDE IV in order of elution with an increasing salt gradient. PDE I was a Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated activity, and PDE II was an activity with a high Km for cyclic AMP which was stimulated by low conc...

1 The aims of the present study were to characterize the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme activities present in human bronchi and to examine the ability of selective isoenzyme inhibitors to relax histamine and methacholine precontracted preparations of human bronchi. 2 Three separations of pooled human bronchial tissue samples were performed. Ion-exchange chromatography showe...

The effect of selective PDE-I (vinpocetine), PDE-III (milrinone, CI-930), PDE-IV (rolipram, nitroquazone), and PDE-V (zaprinast) isozyme inhibitors on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production from LPS stimulated human monocytes was investigated. The PDE-IV inhibitors caused a concentration dependent inhibition of TNF-alpha production, but only partially inhibited IL-1beta at high concentrations. High ...

This study determined whether phosphodiesterase (PDE) was activated by protein kinase C (PKC) upon kappa-receptor stimulation, and if so, to identify the isozyme. We first studied the effects of trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-[1-pyrrolidinyl] cyclohexyl) benzeneacetamide methanesulphonate (U50,488H), a selective kappa-opioid receptor (OR) agonist, and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PM...