An extraordinary diversity of amino acid sequences in the peptide-binding region (PBR) of human leukocyte antigen [HLA; human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)] molecules has been maintained by balancing selection. The process of accumulation of amino acid diversity in the PBR for six HLA genes (HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1) shows that the number of amino acid substitutions in the PBR...

Forensic mental health services are low-volume, high-cost services. Payment by results (PbR) is the UK s latest attempt to improve efficiency and controls pending behaviours within the secure services. This article discusses the utility of the PbR mechanic in forensic mental health. It explores PbR implementation in non-forensic mental health settings, similar funding processes internationally,...

An extraordinary diversity of amino acid sequences in the peptide-binding region (PBR) of human leukocyte antigen [HLA; human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)] molecules has been maintained by balancing selection. The process of accumulation of amino acid diversity in the PBR for six HLA genes (HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1) shows that the number of amino acid substitutions in the PBR...

PURPOSE The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) expression has been shown dramatically increased in neoplastic tissues and tumor cell lines originated from ovary, liver, colon, breast, or brain relative to untransformed tissues. Its expression has been also associated with tumor progression and aggressiveness. To explore whether PBR expression level could be of prognostic value in invasive...

The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) has been used as a sensitive marker to visualize and measure glial cell activation associated with various forms of brain injury and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that increased PBR levels following brain injury are specific to areas expressing activated glial cells. However, the contribution of glial cell types responsible for the increa...

In steroid-synthesizing cells, like the MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells, the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in the regulation of cholesterol transport from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, the rate-determining step in steroid biosynthesis. Expression of PBR in Escherichia coli DE3 cells, which have no PBR, no choles...

We modify two popular methods in machine learning, regularization and cross-validation, for the portfolio optimization problem. First, we introduce performance-based regularization (PBR), where the idea is to constrain the sample variances of the estimated portfolio risk and return. The goal of PBR is to steer the solution towards one associated with less estimation error in the performance. We...

Pattern-based representation (PBR) is a novel sparse matrix representation that reduces the index overhead for many matrices without zero-filling and without requiring the identification of dense matrix blocks. The PBR analyzer identifies recurring block nonzero patterns, represents the submatrix consisting of all blocks of this pattern in block coordinate format, and generates custom matrix-ve...

The polypeptide diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) and drug ligands for the mitochondrial peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) have been shown to regulate cholesterol transport, the rate-determining step in steroidogenesis, in hormone-responsive steroidogenic cells including the MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. The present study was designed to characterize the role of DBI and PBR in the R2C ra...

In this study, we hypothesized that many of the reported effects of phthalate esters and other peroxisome proliferators (PPs) in the testis are mediated by members of the PPactivated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors through alterations in proteins involved in steroidogenesis. Exposure of Leydig cells to PPs prevented cholesterol transport into the mitochondria after hormonal stim...