BACKGROUND Continuous treatment is recommended for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis; however, treatment may need to be interrupted in routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To assess outcomes in patients continuously treated with ixekizumab versus those who interrupted therapy and were subsequently retreated with ixekizumab (IXE). METHODS This analysis used data pooled from two phas...

BACKGROUND Generalized social phobia is common, persistent, and disabling and is often treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs or cognitive behavioral therapy. OBJECTIVE We compared fluoxetine (FLU), comprehensive cognitive behavioral group therapy (CCBT), placebo (PBO), and the combinations of CCBT/FLU and CCBT/PBO. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled tria...

Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a synergist used in some pyrethroid and pyrethrin pesticide products and has been used in toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) of water samples to indicate organophosphate or pyrethroid-related toxicity. Methods were developed and validated for use of PBO as a TIE tool in whole-sediment testing to help establish if pyrethroids are the cause of toxicity observed...

OBJECTIVE The efficacy and safety of subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ-SC) versus subcutaneous placebo (PBO-SC) was evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the BREVACTA study. METHODS Patients (n = 656) were randomized 2:1 to receive TCZ-SC 162 mg every other week or PBO-SC every other week for 24 weeks; 20% previo...

INTRODUCTION The effects of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the toxicity of the organophosphate temephos (TE) and the role of esterases in the resistance of Aedes aegypti to this insecticide were evaluated. METHODS A. aegypti L4 larvae susceptible and resistant to TE were pre-treated with PBO solutions in acetone at concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% for 24h and subsequently exposed to...

The reductive metabolism in vivo of a flavoring additive, trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (PBO; trans-methyl styryl ketone) was investigated in rats and dogs. In both species, the double bond-reduced product, 4-phenyl-2-butanone (PBA), was detected by HPLC as the predominant species in blood after i.v. administration of PBO. PBA detected in rat blood was identified by comparison to the authentic s...

In recent years, Profile-Based Optimization (PBO) has become a key technique in program optimization. In PBO, the optimizer uses information gathered during previous program executions to guide the optimization process. Even though PBO has been implemented in many research systems and some software companies, there has been little research on how to make PBO effective in practice. In today’s so...

OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol (CZP)+dose-optimised methotrexate (MTX) versus placebo (PBO)+dose-optimised MTX in inducing and sustaining clinical remission in DMARD-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe, active, progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with poor prognostic factors over 52 weeks. METHODS DMARD-naïve patients with ≤1 year of active RA were ra...

When chalcone and trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (PBO) were incubated with liver microsomes of untreated rats in the presence of NADPH, 4-hydroxychalcone and trans-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3buten-2-one (4-OH-PBO), respectively, were formed as major metabolites. Two minor metabolites of chalcone, 4 -hydroxychalcone and 2-hydroxychalcone, were also observed. The oxidase activity affording 4-hydroxychalc...

We have developed a new ternary polymeric system, poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PEP)/poly(butylene oxide) (PBO)/PEP-PBO, to study the complex phase behavior near the bicontinuous microemulsion phase channel. The molecular weights of the PEP and PBO homopolymers are 2600 and 3050 g/mol, respectively, and the copolymer is 23.4 kg/mol with volume fraction composition fPBO=0.49. A combination of sm...