Ionizing radiation (IR) induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play an important causative role in radiation damage. -Phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN) is one of the most widely used spintrapping compounds for investigating the existence of free radicals in biological systems. We investigated the protective role of PBN against IR in U937 cells and mice. On exposure to IR, th...

The parabrachial nuclei of the pons (PbN) receive almost direct input from taste buds on the tongue and control basic taste-driven behaviors. Thus it is reasonable to hypothesize that PbN neurons might respond to tastes in a manner similar to that of peripheral receptors, i.e., that these responses might be narrow and relatively "dynamics free." On the other hand, the majority of the input to P...

There is increasing evidence that the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) may be integrally involved in cardiovascular reflex regulation. In cats in which anesthesia was induced with pentobarbital and maintained with alpha-chloralose, we studied the effects of PBN stimulation on cardiovascular afferent inputs to nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the site of first central termination for cardiovascular a...

Rats with bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) fail to exhibit sodium appetite. Lesions of the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) also block salt appetite. The PBN projection to the LH is largely ipsilateral. If these deficits are functionally dependent, damaging the PBN on one side and the LH on the other should also block Na appetite. First, bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the LH were...

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Spin Trapping, Free Radicals N-[tert-13C]Butyl C-phenyl nitrone (PBN-[tert-13C]) has been synthesized for an EPR spin trapping competition study. The newly synthesized PBN-[tert-13C] shows different 13C-hyperfine splitting constants (a13C) when it traps free radicals as compared to another 13C-labeled PBN analogue, N-tert-butyl C-phenyl [nitronyl-13C]nitrone (PB...

PURPOSE A prior study demonstrated that pretreatment with phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a synthetic antioxidant and free radical trapping agent, protects rats from light-induced photoreceptor cell death. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of PBN neuroprotection. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (5-6 weeks old) raised in dim (5 lux) cyclic light (12 hour...

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has been proposed as the associative site for conditioned taste aversion. Previous evidence has shown that functional blockade of the PBN by tetrodotoxin (TTX) produces retrograde disruption of lithium-induced taste aversions in rats. However, given the PBN role in processing visceral cues and the long duration of the lithium-induced aversive effects, an interpret...

Evidence suggests that GABA might mediate the inhibitory influence of centrifugal inputs on taste-evoked responses in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Previous studies show that activation of the gustatory cortex (GC), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and lateral hypothalamus (LH) inhibits PBN taste responses, GABAergic neurons are present in the...

Taste-responsive cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) either project to the parabrachial nuclei (PbN) of the pons, through which taste information is transmitted to forebrain gustatory nuclei, or give rise to axons terminating locally within the medulla. Numerous anatomical studies clearly demonstrate a substantial projection from the rostral NST, where most taste-responsive cells a...

UNLABELLED PURPOSE. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) had a limited effect on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats' eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The combined treatment of BDNF and a nonspecific free radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-(2-sulfophenyal)-nitrone (S-PBN) was investigated on the RGCs in hypertensive eyes of rats. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were ...