One of the most common positioning errors in panoramic radiography is palatoglossal air space above the apices of the root of maxillary teeth. It causes a radiolucency obscuring the apices of maxillary teeth. In the case of this positioning error, the imaging should be repeated. This causes the patient be exposed to radiation again. To avoid the repetition of exposing harmful X-rays to the pati...

key features covered by this talk are, choice of transducers and needles; patient positioning; joint injections and aspirations; tendon sheath injections; cyst aspirations; biopsies.

provide the best surgical access while minimizing potential risk to the patient. Each position carries some degree of risk and this is magnified in the anaesthetized patient who cannot make others aware of compromised positions. Commonly adopted positions include supine, lithotomy, Lloyd Davies, lateral, seated and prone. Many of these are modified with the addition of a vertical tilt (Trendele...

Background: In order to assign appropriate planning target volume (PTV) margins, each centre should measure the patient positioning deviations for their set-up techniques. At the Royal Marsden Hospital, UK, a conformal shell (cast) system is used when a stereotactic frame is not suitable. In this paper, we report on a series of measurements with the aim of obtaining the systematic and random ...

Different patient positions are required to provide access for different surgical procedures. Each position has implications for ventilation and haemodynamics, as well as exposing patients to possible complications such as nerve injury and pressure sores. The anaesthetist plays an important role in minimising the risks associated with these positions. Common positions include supine, lithotomy,...

this workshop features, (live) demonstration of sonographic technique of the upper extremity joints; patient positioning; transducer choices, operation and position on the anatomic landmarks; optimal evaluation of the anatomic structures in shoulder, elbow and wrist; hopefully on thursday or friday.