We show how to turn a large-scale syntactic dictionary into a dependency-based unification grammar where each piece of lexical information calls a separate rule, yielding a super granular grammar. Subcategorization, raising and control verbs, auxiliaries and copula, passivization, and tough-movement are discussed. We focus on the semantics-syntax interface and offer a new perspective on syntact...

The same categorical phenomena which are attributed to hard grammatical constraints in some languages continue to show up as statistical preferences in other languages, motivating a grammatical model that can account for soft constraints. The effects of a hierarchy of person (1st, 2nd 3rd) on grammar are categorical in some languages, most famously in languages with inverse systems, but also in...

Multiword expressions (MWEs) vary in syntactic category, structure, the degree of semantic opaqueness, the ability of one or more constituents to undergo inflection and processes such as passivization, and the possibility of having intervening elements. Therefore, there is no straight-forward way of dealing with them. This paper shows how MWEs can be dealt with at different levels of analysis s...

3 Detailed Guidelines 8 3.1 Idioms and Near Idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Referring Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 Pronouns and Definite Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2 Resumptive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Relational Grammar (RG) was introduced in the 70’s as a theory of grammatical relations and relation change, for example, passivization, dative shift, and raising. Furthermore, the idea behind RG was that transformations as originally designed in generative grammar were unable to capture the common kernel of, e. g., passivization across languages. The research conducted within RG has uncovered ...

The syntactic structure of the deontic “ought” has been much debated in philosophy and linguistics. Schroeder argues that is syntactically ambiguous sense it can be associated with either a control or raising construction. He distinguishes between deliberative evaluative “ought”s while raising. However, if there “ought,” implies which word carries an external argument. Chrisman (Australas J Phi...

This paper aims to provide type hierarchies for Korean passive constructions on the basis of their forms within the HPSG framework. The type hierarchies proposed in this paper are based on the classification of Korean passives; suffixal passives, auxiliary passives, inherent passives, and passive light verb constructions. Verbs are divided into five subtypes in accordance with the possibility o...

This thesis aims to probe into the relationship between language transfer and the three error types of Chinese ESL learners’ acquisition of passive voice. On the basis of analysis of the result of a self-designed test, I come to a conclusion that under-passivization is the main characteristic of Chinese learner’s passive acquisition and negative transfer has a strong effect on Chinese learners’...

In (1a), the verb shows subject agreement with 'Alemu (3sm)' and object agreement with 'the dead cat (3sm)'. Probably due to the strong verbal agreement, a null pronominal (‘pro’) can be used as the subject (or the object), as in (1b). Besides agreement-marking, Chaha verbs host prefixes to yield transitivity alternations, passivization, and causativization. Hetzron’s (1977) summary of the thre...