The CNS (central nervous system) is unquestionably the central organ that regulates directly or indirectly all physiological systems in the mammalian body. Yet, when considering the defence of the CNS from pathogens, the CNS has often been considered passive and subservient to the pro-inflammatory responses of the immune system. In this view, neuroinflammatory disorders are examples of when the...

the close relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system (cns) has been well-studied. the cns regulates almost all the functions of the immune system; however, the effect and/or the control of the immune system on the cns has not been well-studied yet. recent reports suggest that the cns has its own defence mechanism(s). in this review, attempts have been made to discuss ...

The immune system is one of our most complex biological systems in the body. Immunization may be active or passive. The active immunization involves stimulation with an antigen to develop immunological defences against a future exposure and passive immunization involves administration of preformed antibodies to an individual who is already exposed to be exposed to an antigen. Immunomodulatory a...

The article presents the results of research on impact feeding marine reciprocating internal combustion engines with blends diesel fuel and n-butanol their performance parameters. study includes a plan empirical results, in which engine efficiency emissions harmful compounds exhaust gases were determined. indicates that it is resonable to use containing n-butanol. N-butanol positively affect co...

The ability to interact with challenging environments requires coordination of sensory and motor systems that underpin appropriate survival behaviours. All animals, including humans, use active and passive coping strategies to react to escapable or inescapable threats, respectively. Across species the neural pathways involved in survival behaviours are highly conserved and there is a consensus ...

In this respect, fish are reliant on passive immunostimulation from maternal antibodies, and this mechanism has been shown in tilapias (Mor et al, 1990; Sin et al 1994). In any given species, size rather than age seems to be the most critical determinant of the development of immunity. For example, in salmonids, memory-dependent immunity has been achieved for sizes > 0.26g (8 weeks of age), whe...

A research programme to investigate the feasibility of using active control systems to control the radiated noise of a naval platform due to the on-board machinery was first setup in the late 1970s at the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency. The programme covers the development of control algorithms, development of the hardware for the controller, a trial on a naval platform, analysis of the...

Biological weapons are considered as mass destruction and terror weapons. Terrorism including bioterrorism is the major threat in the future conflicts for our nations. The aim of bioterrorism is more related to the potential disorganisation of the society than to the lethal effects of the agents used. The dramatic consequences cannot be discarded, especially if contagious agents such viral are ...