Particle bombardment is a powerful and relatively easy method for transient expression of genes of interest in plant cells, especially those that are recalcitrant to other transformation methods. This method has facilitated numerous analyses of subcellular localization of fluorescent fusion protein constructs. Particle bombardment delivers genes to the first layer of plant tissue. In leaves of ...

Background: Sugarcane is a monocotyledonous crop that is cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. One of the most important criteria, influencing the efficiency of the sugarcane transformation is known to be related to physical and biological factors during the transformation procedure. Objectives: The objective of this research was to study the response of callus induc...

background: sugarcane is a monocotyledonous crop that is cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. one of the most important criteria, influencing the efficiency of the sugarcane transformation is known to be related to physical and biological factors during the transformation procedure. objectives: the objective of this research was to study the response of callus induc...

We present a molecular dynamics (MD) based computer simulation model for particle bombardment of metal surfaces. In addition to the description of the atomic collision cascade initiated by the particle impact, our model incorporates the electronic degree of freedom of the target and therefore is capable of simultaneously predicting secondary ion formation in sputtering as well as ion-bombardmen...

background: a highly efficient genetic transformation system is essential for a successful genetic manipulation of the african violet (saintpaulia ionantha wendl.).objectives: developing a particle bombardment-based genetic transformation system for the african violet.materials and methods: a local cultivar of the african violet from guilan province was used for transformation experiments. the ...

The 4.6-hour Kr" period was reported by SnelP as a result of deuteron bombardment of krypton. The Kr" period was not obtained by Clancy' as a result of alpha-particle bombardment of selenium. In the latter bombardments, only a 114-minute krypton period, assigned to the excited level of stable Kr~, and a 33-hour krypton period, assigned to Kr ' ", were observed. The Kr'~ period was then consider...

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to model the kiloelectronvolt particle bombardment of organic layers on metal substrates such as occurs in the analytical techniques of secondary ion mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Vignettes of insights gained from the simulations along with comparisons to experimental data are presented in this Account. Topics includ...