Multiparty government in parliamentary democracies entails bargaining over the payoffs of government participation, in particular the allocation of cabinet positions. While most of the literature deals with the numerical distribution of cabinet seats among government parties, this article explores the distribution of individual portfolios. It argues that coalition negotiations are sequential ch...

The aim of this research is to develop a frame of reference for effective community participation through ICT design, applying both complexity and design perspectives to recognise the role of local interactions. This links to both the current UK ‘Empowering Local Communities’ policy agenda and to practical ways of developing community participation; in keeping with the aspirations of the Big So...

Entrepreneurship is thriving throughout the world. And while nature and processes of economic activity development vary widely across countries, there widespread acknowledgement that entrepreneurship, defined as “any attempt at new venture or business creation by an individual, a team individuals, established business” (Reynolds et al. 1999) essential ingredient in mix (Kim-Soon 2016). has time...

The Lebanese Ministry of Public Health has launched a National Mental Health Programme, which in turn has established the Mental Health and Substance Use Strategy for Lebanon 2015-2020. In parallel, research involving refugees has been conducted since the onset of the Syrian crisis. The findings point to an increase in mental health disorders in the Syrian refugee population, which now numbers ...

This paper argues that Hizbullah’s jihad concept essentially derives from the underprivileged status of the Lebanese Shiite community at the time of the appearance of the party in the early 1980s. Although the ideology of Hizbullah and the articulation of its jihad concept borrowed heavily from ayatollah Khomeini’s doctrinal contributions to Shiism, Hizbullah has readily adapted itself to the n...