introduction: hyperglycemia is a common problem encountered in hospitalized patients, especially in critically ill patients due to stress and using parenteral nutrition. uncontrolled hyperglycemia may be associated with increased infection risk. the principal benefit of intensive insulin therapy is a decrease in infection-related complications and mortality. the aim of this study was the assess...

Standardized commercial parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations have advantages and disadvantages as compared with PN formulations compounded using an automated compounding device. These advantages and disadvantages are discussed along with the supporting available research.

It is a strong and commonly held belief among nutrition clinicians that enteral nutrition is preferable to parenteral nutrition. We provide a narrative review of more recent studies and technical reviews comparing enteral nutrition with parenteral nutrition. Despite significant weaknesses in the existing data, current literature continues to support the use of enteral nutrition in patients requ...

Parenteral nutrition is a life-saving therapy for patients with intestinal failure. It may be associated with transient elevations of liver enzyme concentrations, which return to normal after parenteral nutrition is discontinued. Prolonged parenteral nutrition is associated with complications affecting the hepatobiliary system, such as cholelithiasis, cholestasis, and steatosis. The most common...

Parenteral nutrition is life saving in patients with intestinal failure but liver dysfunction is commonly encountered, especially in neonates. Although abnormal liver function tests associated with short-term parenteral nutrition are usually benign and transient, liver dysfunction in both children and adults receiving long-term parenteral nutrition can progress to end-stage liver disease and li...

Patients who are unable to use their gastrointestinal system for feeding purposes are now usually started on parenteral nutrition. It is a therapeutic tool used in the clinical management of patients requiring special nutritional care both in the hospital, and at home (home parenteral nutrition). The idea of providing nutrients intravenously in humans was first realised when Sir Christopher Wre...

Plasma- and erythrocyte-selenium concentrations were determined in five consecutive patients with Crohn's disease given preoperative total parenteral nutrition - nil per os - for a mean period of 34 days per patient. No blood components were administered during the total parenteral nutrition. Before the total parenteral nutrition the plasma-selenium level and, to a less extent, the erythrocyte-...