The killing of blood-stage malaria parasites in vivo has been attributed to reactive intermediates of oxygen (ROI) and of nitrogen (RNI). However, in the case of the latter, this contention is challenged by recent observations that parasitemia was not exacerbated in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) knockout (KO) (NOS2-/- or NOS3-/-) mice or in mice treated with NOS inhibitors. We now report that the...

Blood-stage level Plasmodium falciparum infection (parasitemia density) is generally elevated prior to, or at the time of, clinical presentation of severe pediatric malaria episodes. Intensity of exposure to infective Anopheles mosquito bites is a suspected determinant of higher density parasitemia. Analyses of entomologic and parasitologic data collected in 1986-1987 were conducted to investig...

Background: Sickle cell disease (HbSS) is a major health problem in Nigeria and ma-laria has been implicated as a leading cause of morbidity/mortality in sickle cell disease patients. Few reasons were put forward to explain the observed morbidity/mortality of HbSS subjects due to Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria. Objectives: To determine the level of immunoglobulin classes (IgM, Ig...

b ackground : anaplasma ovis infections can cause clinical symptoms in acute phase and lead to huge economic losses in flocks. the aim of the present study was to investigate the hematological and par- asitological changes in experimental anaplasmosis in sheep with iranian strain of a. ovis . m ethod: five male sheep without any blood parasite infection were selected. one hundred ml hepa-rinize...

Malaria congenital infection constitutes a major risk in malaria endemic areas. In this study, we report the prevalence of transplacental malaria in Burkina Faso. In labour and delivery units, thick and thin blood films were made from maternal, placental, and umbilical cord blood to determine malaria infection. A total of 1,309 mother/baby pairs were recruited. Eighteen cord blood samples (1.4%...

BACKGROUND In endemic areas, placental malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is most frequent and severe in first-time mothers, and increases the risk of infant mortality in their offspring. Placental malaria may increase the susceptibility of infants to malaria parasitemia, but evidence for this effect is inconclusive. METHODS AND FINDINGS During 2002-2004, we monitored parasitemia in 453 inf...

Diagnosis of parasitemia associated with reactivation of Chagas disease remains a challenge in clinical practice. Since 1990, criteria to establish the differential diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease sporadic parasitemia, and reactivation have been proposed in heart transplant recipients including magnitude of parasitemia, severity of clinical manifestations, evidence of miocarditis, and the f...

Reported efficacies from vaccine trials may depend heavily on the clinical case definition used in the trial. The dependence may be particularly striking for diseases such as malaria, in which no single case definition is appropriate. We used logistic regression modeling of the relationship between parasitemia and fever in data sets from Ghanaian children to determine the fraction of fevers att...

BACKGROUND Parasite clearance time after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) may be increasing in Asian and African settings. The association between parasite clearance following ACT and transmissibility is currently unknown. METHODS We determined parasite clearance dynamics by duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in samples collected in the first 3 days after treatmen...

The therapeutic response to standard chloroquine therapy against Plasmodium vivax was evaluated in 36 subjects living at Alor in the Lesser Sundas Archipelago of eastern Indonesia. Chloroquine level were measured on 32 individuals, and showed evidence of adequate absorption of standard chloroquine therapy. Three subjects failed treatment by Day 2 or 3, with evidence of rising asexual parasitemi...