For more than a decade, the PAPI performance monitoring library has helped to implement the familiar maxim attributed to Lord Kelvin: “If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it.”Widely deployed and widely used, PAPI provides a generic, portable interface for the hardware performance counters available on all modernCPUs and someother components of interest that are scattered across the chi...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients or in individuals with cystic fibrosis. The notable ability of P. aeruginosa to inhabit a broad range of environments, including humans, is in part due to its large and diverse genomic repertoire. The genomes of most strains contain a significant number of large and small genomic islands...

Modern high performance computer systems continue to increase in size and complexity. Tools to measure application performance in these increasingly complex environments must also increase the richness of their measurements to provide insights into the increasingly intricate ways in which software and hardware interact. PAPI (the Performance API) has provided consistent platform and operating s...

Various genomic islands, PAPI-1, PAPI-2, PAGI-1, PAGI-2, PAGI-3, and PAGI-4, and the element pKLC102 have been characterized in different P. aeruginosa strains from diverse habitats and geographical locations. Chromosomal DNA macroarray of 100 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from 85 unrelated patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit was created to assess the occurrence of these genomic is...

One purpose of the end-user tools described in this paper is to give users a graphical representation of performance information that has been gathered by instrumenting an application with the PAPI library. PAPI is a project that specifies a standard API for accessing hardware performance counters available on most modern microprocessors. These counters exist as a small set of registers that co...

PAPI is a specification of a cross-platform interface to hardware performance counters on modern microprocessors. These counters exist as a small set of registers that count events, which are occurrences of specific signals related to a processor's function. Monitoring these events has a variety of uses in application performance analysis and tuning. The PAPI specification consists of both a st...

PAPI is a widely used portable library for accessing hardware counters on modern microprocessors. PAPI offers both counting and sampling interfaces, but the sampling interface is extremely limited, consisting of a simple interrupt-driven interface that can periodically report processor state. In the past few years, the hardware and operating systems of modern processors have added support for n...