BACKGROUND Escherichia coli O104:H4 that caused the large German outbreak in 2011 is a highly virulent hybrid of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteroaggregative (EAEC) E. coli. The strain displays "stacked-brick" aggregative adherence to human intestinal epithelial cells mediated by aggregative adherence fimbriae I (AAF/I) encoded on the pAA plasmid. The AAF/I-mediated augmented intestinal adher...

Silicon anodes require polymer binder systems that are both mechanically robust and electrochemically stable, to accommodate the dramatic volume expansion experienced during cycling operation. Herein, we report use of a poly(acrylic acid)-grafted styrene–butadiene rubber (PAA-g-SBR) with 80% partially neutralized Na-PAA as system for silicon-graphite anodes. The PAA-g-SBR graft copolymer was sy...

PURPOSE Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) in tears of pregnant women was investigated at various gestation times to assess the availability of plasminogen activator for aiding potential corneal wound healing processes during pregnancy. METHODS PAA was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The analysis used 91 tear samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women, supplemented with 10 additi...

The industrially important organism Corynebacterium glutamicum has been characterized in recent years for its robust ability to assimilate aromatic compounds. In this study, C. glutamicum strain AS 1.542 was investigated for its ability to catabolize phenylacetic acid (PAA). The paa genes were identified; they are organized as a continuous paa gene cluster. The type strain of C. glutamicum, ATC...

Piecewise aggregate approximation (PAA) provides a powerful yet computationally efficient tool for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction. A new distance-based hierarchical clustering (HC) is now proposed to adjust the PAA segment frame sizes. The proposed hybrid HC-PAA is validated by a generic clustering method ‘G3Kmeans’ (G3K). The efficacy of the hybrid HC-PAA-G3K methodology is de...

The phytohormone auxin plays a central role in many aspects of plant growth and development. IAA is the most studied natural auxin that possesses the property of polar transport in plants. Phenylacetic acid (PAA) has also been recognized as a natural auxin for >40 years, but its role in plant growth and development remains unclear. In this study, we show that IAA and PAA have overlapping regula...

We report here on the fabrication of porous anodic alumina PAA films from commercially available impure aluminum foil. While the expensive ultrapure PAA films are restricted to potential applications in nanoelectrophotonics, the impure PAA films are more suitable for large-scale applications, such as in catalysis and filtration. The anodization current behavior and chemical composition of the r...

Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is one of the most important atmospheric organic peroxides, which have received increasing attention for their potential contribution to the oxidation capacity of the troposphere and the formation of secondary aerosols. We report here, for the first time, a series of data for atmospheric PAA concentrations at urban and rural sites, from five field campaigns carried out i...

We have previously identified pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) autoantibodies (PAA) in sera from both non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and human type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients. A suitable non-radioactive, sensitive and specific assay is needed for large-scale testing to determine the clinical utility of PAA. Here we reported a liquid-phase luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assa...

The efficacy of using genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) to degrade recalcitrant environmental toxicants was demonstrated by the application of Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103) to an Oregon agricultural soil amended with 500 micrograms/g of a model xenobiotic, phenoxyacetic acid (PAA). P. putida PP0301(pR0103) is a constitutive degrader of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and is also act...