Let us consider S1, S2. We introduce S1 b S2 and S2 c S1 as synonyms of S1 is finer than S2. The following four propositions are true: (3)1 ⋃ (S1 \{ / 0}) = ⋃ S1. (4) For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 and P2 c P1 holds P2 ⊆ P1. (5) For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 and P2 c P1 holds P1 = P2. (7)2 For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 holds P1 is coarser ...

Connexin hemichannels regulate many cell functions. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. Hemichannel opening causes loss of ATP, we therefore speculated a potential role for AMPK in the biological actions of hemichannels. Activation of hemichannels by removal of extracellular Ca(2+) led to an efflux of ATP and a weak activation of AMPK. Unexpectedly, dysfunction of hemicha...

The articles [1], [6], [15], [17], [5], [2], [3], [16], [7], [14], [13], [10], [11], [8], [4], [9], and [12] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. One can prove the following propositions: (1) For all real numbers a, b, d and for every point p of E2 T such that a < b and p2 = d and a ≤ p1 and p1 ≤ b holds p ∈ L([a, d], [b, d]). (2) Let n be a natural number, P be a subset of E T,...

A mutation of the forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) gene is associated with severe deficits in human speech and language acquisition. In rodents, the humanized form of FOXP2 promotes faster switching from declarative to procedural learning strategies when the two learning systems compete. Here, we examined a polymorphism of FOXP2 (rs6980093) in humans (214 adults; 111 females) for associations wi...

Oscillatory behavior of glycolysis in cell-free extracts of rat skeletal muscle involves bursts of phosphofructokinase activity due to autocatalytic activation by fructose-1,6-P2. Fructose-2,6-P2 is an even more potent activator of phosphofructokinase and is competitive with fructose-1,6-P2 in binding and kinetic studies. The possible role and effects of fructose-2,6-P2 on the oscillating syste...

The R6K gamma origin core contains the P2 promoter, whose -10 and -35 hexamers overlap two of the seven binding sites for the R6K-encoded pi protein. Two mutations, P2-201 and P2-203, which lie within the -35 region of P2, are shown to confer a promoter-down phenotype. We demonstrate here that these mutations prevent replication of a gamma origin core plasmid. To determine whether or not the re...

BACKGROUND The protamine 1-to-protamine 2 ratio (P1/P2) is altered in the sperm cells of some infertile patients. Also, evidence for increased protamine 2 precursors (pre-P2) in a few patients has been reported. But so far, there have been no studies measuring simultaneously these two variables in a large number of patients. METHODS We measured the P1/P2 ratio and the presence of pre-P2 using...

Bacteriophage P2 requires several host proteins for lytic replication, including helicase DnaB but not the helicase loader, DnaC. Some genetic studies have suggested that the loading is done by a phage-encoded protein, P2 B. However, a P2 minichromosome containing only the P2 initiator gene A and a marker gene can be established as a plasmid without requiring the P2 B gene. Here we demonstrate ...

One can prove the following four propositions: (1) For all points p, q of E2 T and for every subset P of E2 T such that P is an arc from p to q holds P is compact. (2) For every real number r holds 0 ¬ r and r ¬ 1 iff r ∈ the carrier of I. (3) For all points p1, p2 of E 2 T and for all real numbers r1, r2 such that (1 − r1) · p1 + r1 · p2 = (1 − r2) · p1 + r2 · p2 holds r1 = r2 or p1 = p2. (4) ...