introduction: hypoxemia can occur during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with or without pharmacological sedation. pulse oximetry saturation (spo2) levels were assessed in patients attending for routine unsedated diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to identify factors associated with oxygen desaturation. methods: a total of 300 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy wi...

background oxygen therapy, as a therapeutic modality, can be used for long periods of times. however, it may be accompanied by potential complications and side effects. objectives to evaluate the side effects of normobaric oxygen therapy in rabbits. materials and methods in a double-blind experiment, 28 white new zealand rabbits were randomized into an oxygen treatment group (n = 14) and a cont...

pollution sources into the water, the necessity of qualitative studies of water resources is one of the most important new challenges for mankind in almost every parts of the world. dissolved oxygen (do) and biochemical oxygen demand (bod) are among parameters of water quality indexes which are considered as water pollution indexes. in the present research, do and bod of dez river basin water (...

the idea of systems analysis and mathematical modeling for formulating and resolving river pollution issues is of relatively recent vintage and has been applied widely in the last 3 decades. the present study illustrates the utility of beck-modified khanna–bhutiani model (bmkb) to determine the pollution load due to the presence of organic matter in river ganga from its course from devprayag to...

oxygen therapy might increase damaged tissue oxygenation, turn on the aerobic pathway, and save neurons from death and could improve clinical outcome of the patients with stroke and head trauma. hyperbaric oxygen therapy is accompanied by some unfavorable effects. results of normobaric oxygen therapy on clinical outcomes of patients with stroke were controversial up till now.  this study was th...

background: sometimes oxygen is given to patients during fiberoptic bronchoscopy to prevent arterial hypoxemia, but oxygen usually is given to patients with spo2 less than 90%. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient's oxygen requirement according to spo2 and its relationship with pulmonary function test (pft). methods: from january 2006 to april 2007, 146 patients who needed...

the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of retinopathy of permaturity (rop) and to evaluate possible neonatal risk factors for rop. the main study was a cross-sectional study including 150 high-risk neonates born at teaching hospitals of tehran universities referring to to farabi eye hospital. the chossing critertia were birth weight less than 2500 g or gestational age younger than ...

background: methyl tert -butyl ether (mtbe) has been commercially used as an octane enhancer to replace tetraethyl lead in gasoline since 1979. the high mobility, water solubility, and resistance to natural attenuation associated with mtbe may re­sult in contamination of ground and surface waters. in this investigation the degradation of aqueous mtbe at relatively high concentrations was studie...

introduction: diabetes mellitus is a global public health issue that has a prevalence of between 5-8% in different parts of iran. one of the most serious complications of diabetic foot ulcer and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of morbidity and amputation in patients with diabetes. on the other hand, amputations in patients with diabetes are three-year sur...