Although blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is well recognized for its significance in the military population, the unique mechanisms of primary bTBI remain undefined. Animate models of primary bTBI are critical for determining these potentially unique mechanisms, but the biomechanical characteristics of many bTBI models are poorly understood. In this study, we examine some common shoc...

The effect of overpressure on gas hydrate and free gas distribution in marine sediments is studied using a one-dimensional numerical model that couples sedimentation, fluid flow, and gas hydrate formation. Natural gas hydrate systems are often characterized by high sedimentation rates and/or low permeability sediments, which can lead to pore pressure higher than hydrostatic (overpressure). To q...

Fluid injection in deep geological formations usually induces microseismicity. In particular, industrial-scale injection of CO2 may induce a large number of microseismic events. Since CO2 is likely to reach the storage formation at a lower temperature than that corresponding to the geothermal gradient, both overpressure and cooling decrease the effective stresses and may induce microseismicity....

The possibility of gas explosion accidents always exists at offshore facilities of the oil and gas industry. In the design of those structures, the structural safety assessment against explosion loads is necessary to prevent loss of lives or catastrophic failure of structures. One of the essential parts in the structural assessment is to determine design explosion loads. Nowadays, the explosion...

Gurdjian et al. proposed decades ago that pressure gradients played a major factor in neuronal injury due to impact. In the late 1950s, their experiments on concussion demonstrated that the principal factor in the production of concussion in animals was the sudden increase of intracranial pressure accompanying head injury. They reported the increase in pressure severity correlated with an incre...

The control of shape and spatial correlation of InAs-InAlAs-InP 001 nanostructure superlattices has been realized by changing the As overpressure during the molecular-beam epitaxy MBE growth of InAs layers. InAs quantum wires QWRs are obtained under higher As overpressure 1 10−5 Torr , while elongated InAs quantum dots QDs are formed under lower As overpressure 5 10−6 or 2.5 10−6 Torr . Corresp...

The effects of building leakage on heat and mass transfer in buildings are difficult to model due to the difficulty in knowing crack size, shape, position, and number. Nevertheless, interest remains high in the estimation of crack areas in buildings because of the important effects cracks have on infiltration, indoor air quality, building energy performance, and because of interest in exploring...

Exposure to explosive blasts can produce functional debilitation in the absence of brain pathology detectable at the scale of current diagnostic imaging. Transient (ms) overpressure components of the primary blast wave are considered to be potentially damaging to the brain. Astrocytes participate in neuronal metabolic maintenance, blood-brain barrier, regulation of homeostatic environment, and ...

The use of sonic log data to analyse overpressure in the Cooper Basin, South Australia is complicated by the occurrence of Tertiary uplift in the basin. Uplift and overpressure are both associated with anomalous porosity/depth relationships: the former being witnessed by overcompaction and the later by undercompaction. Hence uplift may mask overpressure effects on log data. A normal compaction ...

Introduction A growing level of attention has recently been given to the automated control of potentially hazardous processes such as the overpressure or containment of dangerous substances. Several independent protection methods provide measures to reduce the risk from such hazards to personnel, the environment and assets. A significant level of this risk reduction is allocated to safety instr...