The primary goal was to specify the impact of scaffolding and overhearing on young children's use of the spatial terms between and middle. Four- and five-year-old children described the location of a mouse hidden between two furniture items in a dollhouse with assistance from a parent. Children's use of between and middle increased significantly across trials, and in concert, parents' directive...

Wake-up radio (WuR) system is often presented as the best candidate for replacing traditional duty cycled Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The Double Radio (DoRa) protocol is a new MAC protocol for in-band WuR system with addressing capabilities. While the DoRa protocol improves the WSNs energy efficiency, it still suffers from an overhearing problem whe...

To reduce the overhearing cost of long preambles in low power listening (LPL), we propose an early overhearing avoidance technique, in which the destination address is embedded into the continuous preamble. The overhearing can be stopped after receiving a short preamble block, which is much earlier than after the whole data packet is received. Based on this idea, a novel low power media access ...

A WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) consists of a large number of sensor nodes. Each sensor node has limited battery, small storage, and short radio range. Many researchers have proposed various methods to reduce energy consumption in sensor nodes, since it is difficult to replace sensor node power sources. Generally, a sensor node consumes its energy during processing, receiving, transmitting and...

Wireless sensor networks have a huge number of applications in the environment for sensing and broadcasting information at very low cost. are composed large nodes which deployed close proximity to phenomenon be monitored. The wireless network is comprised computing, communication elements gives opportunity administrator an object, sense instrument events specified environment. They popular due ...

To maximize lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks, medium access control protocols usually trade off reliability for energy efficiency. Channel errors, collisions, idle listening, and overhearing further aggravate the problem. Our work investigates opportunities to improve reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks under such constraints. We consider a multi-hop data gathering network in which sens...

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes without any centralized administration. These nodes collect the information through overhearing and store information in route caches through routing protocol. When the route cache freshness is absent, it leads to the stale route information resulting in pollution caches. If the node overhears the packet to another node, node's ...

We propose a joint channel selection and quality aware routing scheme for multi-channel wireless sensor networks that apply asynchronous duty cycling to conserve energy, which is common in many environmental monitoring applications. Energy resources may vary from node to node due to differential consumption as well as availability, as observed in rechargeable sensor networks. A data collection ...