The first section of this paper discusses the self-clearing fault phenomena. The second section describes a universal protective relay architecture in which the sub-cycle overcurrent protection scheme has been implemented. The third section describes the protection scheme algorithm and implementation in the relay scheme. The fourth section covers testing of this scheme. An overall universal dis...

Distributed Generation (DG) is the production of electricity from a variety renewable energy sources that closer to customer and load. The addition distributed generation distribution networks alters characteristics system has an influence on its protection coordination. Relay plays critical function in protecting power various problems. coordination reduces relay operating time avoids failure....

This paper presents big-M (penalty) method for optimum time coordination of overcurrent (OC) relays. The method is based on the simplex algorithm which is used to find optimum solution of linear programming problem (LPP). The method introduces artificial variables in the objective function to get an initial basic feasible solution (IBFS). Artificial variables are removed using iterative process...

The overcurrent phenomena are a dangerous condition that can be occurred in the electrical system and equipment. of will cause short-circuited current flows through affect other distribution line. purpose this study is to investigate coordination relay different types network which radial system, ring interconnected during line ground fault occur at bus. generation directional flow damage neare...

The inclusion of distributed energy resources (DER) in Microgrids (MGs) comes at the expense increased changes current direction and magnitude. In autonomous mode MG operation, penetration synchronous generators (DGs) induces lower short circuit than when operates grid-connected mode. Such behavior impacts overcurrent relays makes protection coordination difficult. This paper introduces a novel...

In this paper, the optimization of coordination of directional overcurrent relays in an interconnected power system is presented. The objective of protective relay coordination is to achieve selectivity without sacrificing sensitivity and quick fault clearance time. A methodology is adopted for the consideration of backup relays in the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays. The...