Abstract Arctic stream biofilm responses to ongoing climate-related changes in physical and chemical conditions have major implications for food webs biogeochemical cycles. Yet, such effects rarely been studied outside summer months or at sub-catchment scales the Arctic. We used deployments of nutrient diffusing substrates (NDS) assess spatial (20 deployments) seasonal patterns (10 drivers limi...

One of the most problematic areas for teachers and learners in English classrooms is prepositions. Two types of prepositions in English are spatial (space) and temporal (time) prepositions. Prepositions are words linking two entities and thereby specifying the relation of the two. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of games and flash cards in learning place and time prep...

Some research has been done in order to define metamodels for Spatial Data Warehouses (SDW) modeling. However, we observe that most of these works propose metamodels that mix concepts of DW modeling (i.e. dimensions and their descriptive attributes) with concepts of OLAP modeling (i.e. hierarchies and their levels). We understand that this mix is a possible limitation, because a DW (conventiona...

a considerable part of precipitation falls in the form of snow in golestan watershed. in turn, snowmelt plays a significant role in surface runoff, groundwater feeding and flood propagation in this area. snow cover area (sca) as an indicator of stored water can be implemented for temporal and spatial monitoring of snowmelt in the hydrological models. to monitor spatial and temporal variation of...

spatial-temporal modeling of air pollutants, ground-level ozone concentrations in particular, has attracted recent attention because by using spatial-temporal modeling, can analyze, interpolate or predict ozone levels at any location. in this paper we consider daily averages of troposphere ozone over tehran city. for eliminating the trend of data, a dynamic linear model is used, then some featu...

Iran is one of the world's arid regions and exposed to dust particles in the air. This is important in spatial and temporal terms as well as the affects human health. In this paper a day when due to the amount of dust particles visibility reduces to 5,000 m is considered the dusty day. In the spatial and temporal analysis of dusty days 38 synoptic stations were studied. In order to conduct data...

Iran is one of the world's arid regions and exposed to dust particles in the air. This is important in spatial and temporal terms as well as the affects human health. In this paper a day when due to the amount of dust particles visibility reduces to 5,000 m is considered the dusty day. In the spatial and temporal analysis of dusty days 38 synoptic stations were studied. In order to conduct data...

Fault tree analysis (FTA) has been modified in different ways to make it capable of performing quantitative and qualitative safety analysis with temporal gates, thereby overcoming its limitation in capturing sequential failure behaviour. However, for many systems, it is often very difficult to have exact failure rates of components due to increased complexity of systems, scarcity of necessary s...

the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different heel heights on selected gait parameters in a sample of young nigerian females. a purposive sample of eighty apparently healthy undergraduates of nnamdi azikiwe university, nnewi campus participated in the study. their mean age, height, and weight were 21.98± 1.83 years, 1.65±0.06 meters, 59.50±9.34 kilograms respectively. an...