â â â â â â  â  abstract â  outward-oriented economies seem to grow faster than inward-looking ones. does the literature on convergence have anything to say on this? in the dynamic heckscher-ohlin-samuelson model, with factor-price equalization, there is no convergence of incomes. this is because with identical preferences and return to capital, irrespective of initial levels the growth rates o...

this paper establishes new support for implementing outward oriented trade policies by relating industrial sector growth, trade policy orientation and export growth in 36 developing countries,including iran using a logistic growth function. based on thisstudy the use of stronglyoutward oriented policies towards export is likly relatedto a faster growth ofthe share of industrial output in gdp as...

Does it make us unhappier when we compare our current consumption with that of the Joneses or our own past achievements? This paper tries an answer without recurring on interpersonal utility comparisons. It calibrates an economy under three different assumptions, non-comparing utility, and inward-looking and outward-looking habit formation. Using consumption equivalents it then calculates how m...

Three-month-old infants were carried by their mothers in a soft infant carrier designed for infants being faced inward or faced outward. A within subjects comparison of these two positions revealed that when the infants were carried facing-in, they spent significantly more time sleeping and were rarely actively awake and looking at the environment. In contrast, the infants were more active in t...

Concentric mosaics are low-dimensional lightfields. Yet capturing concentric mosaics requires a motor-controlled device and it is not practical for real outdoor scenes. In this paper, we propose a new concentric mosaic construction method by hand rotating an outward-looking camera. The geometry of such a capturing system is formulated as an outward-looking circular motion with unknown rotation ...