An experimental study of the oculorespiratory reflex (ORR) was conducted on 20 albino rabbits using a square wave (SW) type of stimulus. The ORR could be elicited in 100% of animals. The medial rectus was observed to be most reflexogenic for ORR. The frequency and pattern of ORR was not affected by bilateral vagotomy, intravenous atropine or glycopyrrolate, but could be completely abolished by ...

The development of highly stable and efficient electrocatalysts for sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is exceedingly significant for the commercialization of fuel cells but remains a challenge. We here synthesize a new nitrogen-doped biocarbon composite material (N-BC@CNP-900) as a nitrogen-containing carbon-based electrocatalyst for the ORR via facile all-solid-state multi-step pyrolysi...

Dealloyed Pt bimetallic core-shell catalysts derived from low-Pt bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (e.g, PtNi3 ) have recently shown unprecedented activity and stability on the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under realistic fuel cell conditions and become today's catalyst of choice for commercialization of automobile fuel cells. A critical step toward this breakthrough is to control thei...

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) over a carbonaceous catalyst (1) with a phosphinate (>P(=O)OH) moiety was explored computationally. Under the acidic environment of a fuel cell, 1 could be active for ORR and be converted to 2 with a >P(OH)(2) moiety. An edge phosphinate could be active for both 2- and 4-electron ORR.

The search for low-cost, highly active, and stable catalysts to replace the Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has recently become a topic of interest. Herein, we report a new strategy to design a nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterial for use as a metal-free ORR catalyst based on facile pyrolysis of protein-rich enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) biomass at 900 °C with carbo...

1 Center for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, UK. 2 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK. 3 School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, UK. 4 South African Environmental Observation Network, Fynbos Node...

ceremony. Entering the Bristol Medical School in 1908 he studied for the London MB, BS externally, he graduated in 1913 with distinction in all the clinical subjects and was awarded the Gold Medal. In the same year he passed the Conjoint examination. He held house appointments at the Royal Infirmary and in one of his reminiscences he described the inadequate accommodation for residents and how ...

Management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is difficult and overall response rates (ORR) resulting from anthracycline and taxane-based regimens remain modest. The antimetabolite drug gemcitabine has been shown to have high activity when used as first-line treatment of MBC, particularly when incorporated into combined therapy regimens. Gemcitabine-containing regimens have also been used succes...

Metal nanowires exhibit unusually high catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their inherent electronic structures. However, controllable synthesis of stable nanowires still remains as a daunting challenge. Herein, we report the in situ synthesis of silver nanowires (AgNWs) over boron doped graphene sheets (BG) and demonstrated its efficient electrocatalytic activity ...