Institutionalization of Water Users’ Cooperatives (WUAS) is one of the strategies for cooperative irrigation management, which lays the foundation for the participation of farmers in tackling water shortage challenge to reach the objectives of sustainable management of agricultural water in an efficient manner. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the grounds for improving WUAs...

A bstr act: As the amount of information stored on and accessed by computer has increased over the past twenty years, the tools available for organizing and retrieving such information have become outdated. T he folder paradigm has dominated existing user interfaces as the primary mechanism for organizing information for day-to-day use. T his paradigm encourages many-to-one placement of documen...

Recently, security of the computer systems becomes an important problem. Almost all computers use the password mechanism for the user authentication. But password mechanism has many issues. In this paper, we propose a kind of biometrics authentication method using the combinations of key stroke timings and pen calligraphy. For this method, selection of the phrase is important. We analyzed the k...

This paper combines the complexity notions of phase transitions and tipping points with recent advances in cognitive neuroscience to propose a general theory of human proto-organizing. It takes as a premise that a necessary prerequisite for organizing, or "proto-organizing," occurs through emotional contagion in subpopulations of human interaction dynamics in complex ecosystems. Emotional conta...

Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied the self-organizing polydomain structure appearing at low temperatures in a square lattice-gas model with a repulsive nearest-neighbor interaction when the particle jumps are biased by a uniform electric field. These investigations confirm that the enhanced interfacial material transport is able to preserve the anisotropic self-organizing domain st...

In our paper, we are utilizing the cellular wireless network with high reliability using fixed relay nodes. The size and scope of wireless networks continue to grow with more clients or users, and introduction of innumerable devices and sensors at homes and businesses. These, in conjunction with short and dynamic flow of information, is adding to the spatiotemporal complexity of the network top...