there is a continuing need to identify new agents that are active in ovarian cancer. etoposide is a derivative of the plant alkaloid epipodophyllotoxin. the availability of etoposide in oral preparation allows prolonged administration by the oral route. in this study, activity and toxicity of etoposide in women with recurrent ovarian cancer are described from a case series of women with recurre...

BACKGROUND Determination of acute toxicity, expressed as median lethal dose (LD50), is one of the most important steps in drug discovery pipeline. Because in vivo assays for oral acute toxicity in mammals are time-consuming and costly, there is thus an urgent need to develop in silico prediction models of oral acute toxicity. RESULTS In this study, based on a comprehensive data set containing...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acute oral toxicity Turmeric based herbal product in sprague dawley rats. Acute refers those adverse effects occurring following administration a single dose substance, or multiple doses given within 24 hours. LD50 value, defined as statistically derived that, when administered an test, expected cause death 50% treated animals period, currently basis...

Avian risk assessments for rodenticides are often driven by the results of standardized acute oral toxicity tests without regards to a toxicant’s mode of action and time course of adverse effects. First generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs) generally require multiple feedings over several days to achieve a threshold concentration in tissue and cause adverse effects. This exposure regime...

Regulatory information requirements for pesticides call for submission of acute systemic toxicity data for up to three different exposure routes (oral, dermal, inhalation) for both active ingredients and formulated products. Similar multi-route testing is required in the European Union and elsewhere for industrial chemicals. To determine the value of acute toxicity testing by more than one rout...

PURPOSE To determine whether volumes based on the contours of the mucosal surface instead of the oral cavity can be used to predict grade ≥3 acute oral mucosa toxicity in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) treated with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS A standardized method for the oral cavity (oral cav...

in recent years, it has become evident that it is necessary to systematically and accurately define particle characteristics in order to understand the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to biological systems. the properties that need to be emphasized are size, shape, dispersion, doping, aggregation, functionalization, physical and chemical properties, surface area, and surface chemistry. rout...