Monitoring patients' temperatures is an important aspect of clinical nursing. In surgical areas, we rely on accurate temperature readings to determine appropriate therapy. Various body sites have been used for temperature measurement: oral, axillary, rectal, and tympanic. Oral temperature readings have long been considered the gold standard. However, oral temperature readings may be contraindic...

The temperature of foods and fluids is a major factor that determines their pleasantness and acceptability. Studies of nonhuman primates have shown that many neurons in cortical taste areas receive and process not only chemosensory inputs, but oral thermosensory (temperature) inputs as well. We investigated whether changes in oral temperature activate these areas in humans, or middle or posteri...

Oxidative etching of graphene flakes was observed to initiate from edges and the occasional defect sites in the basal plane, leading to reduced lateral size and a small number of etch pits. In contrast, etching of highly defective graphene oxide and its reduced form resulted in rapid homogeneous fracturing of the sheets into smaller pieces. On the basis of these observations, a slow and more co...

We have studied the effect of thermal history on iron precipitation behavior in intentionally contaminated Czochralski silicon wafers that contain well-defined precipitation sites for iron, oxide precipitates. Iron precipitation was studied at a temperature range between 600 C and 700 C for various times. The results indicate that iron precipitation is strongly affected by the thermal history o...

INTRODUCTION Identifying fever can influence management of the emergency department (ED) patient, including diagnostic testing, treatment, and disposition. We set out to determine how well oral and tympanic membrane (TM) temperatures compared with rectal measurements. METHODS A convenience sample of consecutively adult ED patients had oral, TM, and rectal temperatures performed within several...

conclusions the results showed that, compared to participants with normal weights, physiological and thermal perceptual responses were higher in overweight participants. therefore, overweight individuals should avoid hot/dry weather conditions to decrease the amount of heat strain. results in both groups, oral temperature, heart rate, and thermal perceptual responses increased during heat expos...

introduction: current thermal cycling units fail to simulate the drinking behaviors, and oral balancing temperature. they cannot also simulate other oral conditions such as drink coloring, and chemicals like tea, coffee, carbonated and noncarbonated, citrus juices as well as alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks and also saliva and milk itself. the main objective of this study is to introduce the d...

Two studies were performed to 1) characterize changes in local sweat rate (LSR) following fluid ingestion of different temperatures during exercise, and 2) identify the potential location of thermoreceptors along the gastrointestinal tract that independently modify sudomotor activity. In study 1, 12 men cycled at 50% Vo2peak for 75 min while ingesting 3.2 ml/kg of 1.5°C, 37°C, or 50°C fluid 5 m...