A linear vortex panel method is extended to include the effect Abstract of ground proximity on the aerodynamic properties of two dimensional airfoils. The image method is used to model the ground effect . According to the results, lift coefficient of an airfoil may increase or decrease in ground effect based on a combinative effect of its camber, thickness, angle of attack and ground clearance....

Evaluation of the excavation-induced ground movements is an important design aspect of supporting system in urban areas. This evaluation process is more critical to the old buildings or sensitive structures which exist in the excavation-affected zone. Frame distortion and crack generation are predictor, of building damage resulted from excavation-induced ground movements, which pose challenges ...

The hybrid form is a combination of the Rydberg potential and the London inverse-sixth-power energy. It is accurate at all relevant distance scales and simple enough for use in all-atom simulations of biomolecules. One may compute the parameters of the hybrid potential for the ground state of a pair of neutral atoms from their internuclear separation, the depth and curvature of their potential ...

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method, we have explored the magnetic properties of one dimensional (1D) Ti atomic chain. Astonishingly, we for the first time observed that the 1D Ti atomic chain has ferromagnetic ground state even on NiAl(110) surface although the Ti has no magnetic moment in bulk or macroscopic state. It was found that the physical property of...

Hard rock aquifers for the purpose of this Paper mean the non-carbonate, fractured rock aquifers in the terrain covered by crystalline basement complex, metamorphic rocks and also by extensive effusive volcanic rocks like the basalts of western India (Deccan traps. Ground water development in hard rock aquifer areas has always played a secondary role compared to that in the areas having high-yi...