the extent of “benefits”, as the subject of khums, is one of the controversial discourses among the imāmī jurists, which is of great importance because of its applicability. the “acquired benefits” and “benefits in general” are the two significant views in the discourses concerning khums. in this research, the evidences for any of these two views are critically reviewed. for the first view, two...

This article looks at the role and place of General Voting as a key ingredient for democratic political process. right is interpreted part very essence equality in general basic foundation democracy particular. In this context, there issue about privileges politics, which regardless their regulation are becoming increasingly established legal barrier to realization complete equality. Some propo...