an evolutionary structural optimization (eso) method is used for plastic design of frames. based on safe theorems some criteria are derived and made an effort to satisfy them during the optimization process. in this regard, equilibrium is checked and yield condition is gradually satisfied during the optimization process. in this method, the amount of used material and the stiffness for each ele...

Raytracing is a method to produce photo-realistic pictures. For each pixel of an image one ray is shot to nd the object, which determines the color of the pixel. Rays are also used to simulate shadows and reeections. Previously bounding volume hierarchies have been used to speed raytracing. A new method to speed the traversal of a bounding volume hierarchy is presented. Optimisation methods to ...

A R T I C L E I N F O AISI D2 steel, Tool wear, Workpiece surface temperature, Taguchi method, Regression analysis. Received 19 July 2012 Accepted 29 August 2012 Available online 31 December 2012 Now-a-days increasing the productivity and the quality of the machined parts are the main challenges of metal cutting industry during turning processes. Optimization methods in turning processes, consi...