BACKGROUND The efficacy of perioperative intravenous magnesium administration on postoperative opioid use, opioid-related side effects (e.g., nausea and vomiting) and pain are uncertain, as randomized controlled trials on this topic have reported disparate results. The objective of this systematic review is to determine if perioperative magnesium reduces opioid use, opioid-related side effects,...

BACKGROUND Pain is one of the most terrifying symptoms for cancer patients. Although most patients with cancer pain need opioids, complete relief of pain is hard to achieve. This study investigated the factors influencing persistent pain-free survival (PPFS) and opioid efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with cancer pain, hospitalized at the med...

BACKGROUND Tramadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to sever pain. It has more advantage and less opioid adverse effects than conventional opioid analgesia. CASE REPORT This article reports a patient with tramadol dependency that had psychosis after tramadol withdrawal. CONCLUSION By the increase of tramadol usage for relief of chronic pain, tramadol abuse and ...

background:naltrexone is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist blocking the euphoric effects of exogenous opioids. when used concomitantly with opioids, naltrexone causes severe withdrawal symptoms.the main aim of the study is to determine the symptomatology and outcome of patients who consumed naltrexone in conjunction with an opioid substance. methods:this cross-sectional study was perform...

Introduction. This study aimed to determine if preoperative psychological tests combined with simple pain prediction ratings could predict pain intensity and analgesic usage following cesarean delivery (CD). Methods. 50 healthy women undergoing scheduled CD with spinal anesthesia comprised the prospective study cohort. Preoperative predictors included 4 validated psychological questionnaires (A...

1. Tramadol analgesic causes respiratory depression that is mainly mediated by opioid receptors. However, Tramadol is a weak opioid receptor agonist, and its metabolites O-desmethyltramadol is only about 1/10 of morphine, and fentanyl is a strong opioid receptor agonist, its potency is about 100 times morphine. When the two together, to be a major contributor to opioid receptors is fentanyl. Pr...

An optimal therapeutics to manage opioid withdrawal syndrome is desired for opioid addiction treatment. Down-regulation of endogenous endomorphin-2 (EM2) level in the central nervous system after continuous morphine exposure was observed, which suggested that increase of EM2 could be an alternative novel method for opioid dependence. As a short peptide, the short half-life of EM2 limits its cli...