Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental toxicants, present in 100% of U.S. adults and dose-dependently associated with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PCBs are predicted to interact with receptors previously implicated in xenobiotic/energy metabolism and NAFLD. These receptors include the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnane xenobiotic receptor ...

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5867/1260 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1151120/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.s...

KRO-105714 [N-(5-benzoyl-2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl) thiazol-4-yl)pivalamide] is a 2,4,5-trisubstituted 1,3-thiazole derivative that exerts anti–atopic dermatitis activity via robust suppression of the sphingosylphosphorylcholine receptor. This study used high-resolution/high-accuracy tandem mass spectroscopy (HRMS) and recombinant cDNA–expressed cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms to ide...

Recent genomic surveys have produced high-resolution haplotype information, but only in a small number of human populations. We report haplotype structure across 12 Mb of DNA sequence in 927 individuals representing 52 populations. The geographic distribution of haplotypes reflects human history, with a loss of haplotype diversity as distance increases from Africa. Although the extent of linkag...

Starch consumption is a prominent characteristic of agricultural societies and hunter-gatherers in arid environments. In contrast, rainforest and circum-arctic huntergatherers and some pastoralists consume much less starch1–3. This behavioral variation raises the possibility that different selective pressures have acted on amylase, the enzyme responsible for starch hydrolysis4. We found that co...

A comprehensive chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study was conducted on a series of Aroclors (1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260). Each Aroclor was assessed at multiple dietary concentrations, ranging from 25 to 200 ppm, for 24 months in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver toxicity was indicated by elevated serum enzyme activity (AST, ALT, and GGT), elevated serum cholesterol concentration, ...

Microbial reductive dechlorination of commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures (e.g., Aroclors) in aquatic sediments is crucial to achieve detoxification. Despite extensive efforts over nearly two decades, the microorganisms responsible for Aroclor dechlorination remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that anaerobic bacteria of the Dehalococcoides group derived from sediment of the Hou...

We report recent measurements of the CKM angle α using data collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e− collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. In addition to improved constraints on α from the decays B± → ρ±ρ0, we also present preliminary results of neutral and charged B meson decays to K1(1270)π and K1(1400)π and its impact on the estimate for the CKM an...