Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 recognizes lipid A, the active moiety of microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Little is known about mechanisms for LPS recognition by TLR4-MD-2. Here we show ligand-induced TLR4 oligomerization, homotypic interaction of TLR4, which directly leads to TLR4 signaling. Since TLR4 oligomerization normally occurred in the absence of the cytoplasmic portion of TLR4,...

Ni-Kuratowski-type MOFs were studied computationally for ethylene oligomerization and the catalytic performance of sterically different linkers was elucidated.

The structure of Ni active sites supported on amorphous silica-alumina supports with different contents Al2O3 loadings in relation to their activities ethylene oligomerization were investigated. Two kinds detected by situ FTIR-CO and H2-TPR experiments, that are Ni2+ cations as grafted weak acidic silanols at ion-exchange positions. these Ni/ASA catalysts found an ascending tendency the loading...

This work focuses on the synthesis of novel tannin-functionalized polypropylene copolymers that are designed to inhibit oxidation vegetable oils for potential use as packaging materials. An empty glass Petri dish (control), a chlorinated polypropylene-coated (control) and series coated dishes overlaid with linseed oil were exposed air additional white light. Oligomerization oxidized was assesse...

Aberrant protein oligomerization is an important pathogenetic process in vivo. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) forms neurotoxic oligomers. The predominant in vivo Abeta alloforms, Abeta40 and Abeta42, have distinct oligomerization pathways. Abeta42 monomers oligomerize into pentamer/hexamer units (paranuclei) which self-associate to form larger oligomers. Abeta40 d...

Non-covalent and covalent homo-oligomerization of membrane proteins regulates their subcellular localization and function. Here, we described a novel oligomerization mechanism affecting solute carrier family 30 member 3/zinc transporter 3 (SLC30A3/ZnT3). Oligomerization was mediated by intermolecular covalent dityrosine bonds. Using mutagenized ZnT3 expressed in PC12 cells, we identified two cr...

The unfolded protein response (UPR) adjusts the cell's protein folding capacity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) according to need. IRE1 is the most conserved UPR sensor in eukaryotic cells. It has remained controversial, however, whether mammalian and yeast IRE1 use a common mechanism for ER stress sensing. Here, we show that similar to yeast, human IRE1α's ER-lumenal domain (hIRE1α LD) binds...

Fine-tuned catalytic processes facilitating regio- and stereoselective conversions for the large-scale synthesis of a pentasaccharide its oligomerization into ready-for-conjugation haptens.

BACKGROUND Self-assembling protein nanotubes (PNTs) are an intriguing alternative to carbon nanotubes for applications in bionanotechnology, in part due to greater inherent biocompatibility. The type IV pilus of the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a protein-based fibre composed of a single subunit, the type IV pilin. Engineered pilin monomers from P. aeruginosa strain K122-4 (Δ...