Many non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are expected to spread at the air-water interface, particularly under non-equilibrium conditions. In the vadose zone, this spreading should increase the surface area for mass transfer and the efficiency of volatile NAPL recovery by soil vapor extraction (SVE). Observations of spreading on water wet surfaces led to a conceptual model of oil spreading vertic...

Seeds are another product in addition to leaves (raw materials for teas) of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plant. The great increase of tea consumption in recent years raises the challenge of finding commercial applications for tea seeds. In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction edible oil from tea seed was carried out, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to ...

The biomass i.e. wheat-hemlock used in this study was first characterized for its composition. The physical and chemical characterization of biomass was estimated using proximate analysis, calorific value, crystallinity, devolatilization behaviour, ultimate analysis, ICP-MS of ash, FT-IR, XRD, CHNS, and HPLC analysis. For commercial purpose the same biomass was used for conversion to bio-oil by...

Dispersed oils (i.e., oil droplets) at sea are transported by convection due to waves and buoyancy and by turbulent diffusion. This work follows the common approach in the oil community of using a Lagrangian approach instead of the Eulerian approach. Our focus was on small scale simulation of oil plumes subjected to regular waves. Stokes’ theory was used to obtain analytical expressions for wav...

abstract in the present article, effective parameters of the buoyant jets have been evaluated in the stagnant ambient fluid. the jet parameters, geometry parameters and environmental parameters are investigated. using dimensional analysis, a set of dimensionless functions was obtained. to achieve the exact functions, a physical model was built in the hydraulic laboratory of shahid chamran unive...

To allow an easy individuation of the more suitable working conditions (temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) to be adopted to carry out the extraction of food grade oils from different substrates by supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2), a simplified kinetic approach has been introduced. This kinetic model was utilised to describe supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of oil by Sc-CO2 not only from seed...

Transdermal transport of pharmacologically active components into the skin depends on the ability of galenic formulations to overcome the stratum corneum (SC) barrier. Microemulsions (ME) are thermodynamically stable liquid systems composed of water, oil and surfactants which may be used for skin permeation and enhance penetration of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic compounds. We investigated...

Soil and surface water contamination by organic compounds is a common occurrence in most developing countries. This caused harmful effects on the environment and human beings. Bioremediation can be an alternative green technology for remediation of such hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with 5% and 10% (w/w) diesel fuel amended with 10% soy cake (SC), potato ski...

The spreading and movement of oil slicks is strongly influenced by surface water movement. On the Gest coast, surface water movement is affected by weather systems and storms from the north Pacific, which have a high incidence of gale force winds and high seastates. It is also affected by large tidal ranges. strong tidal currents and irregular coastlines. Air and water temperatures, water salin...

The spreading of oil underneath a sheet of ice is computed using an adaptive level set method for incompressible two-uid ow. Factors such as viscosity, surface tension, and wall adhesion are taken into account in the computations. The results of the computations agree well with previous experiments and theory. In this work, we also present a v ery eecient and accurate computational method for d...