OBJECTIVE To present the available data on the money spent by Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) on remunerating health workers in the public and private sectors. METHODS Data on government and total expenditure on health worker remuneration were obtained through a review of official documents in WHO's Global Health Expenditure Database and directly from country officials an...

STUDY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether the high mortality in lower salaried men in Norway was related to an inflow into this group of unskilled workers with high mortality. DESIGN Individual information on occupation was derived from the 1970 and the 1980 censuses and linked to mortality data for the period 1980-5 by the official, individual identification numbers. PARTICIPANTS...

Workers’ remittances constitute one of the most important sources of external finance for many developing countries. Although it shows a decreasing trend in recent years, Egypt after 1970s with her regular and massive labor migration to abroad has been still one of the gainer countries on remittances across the world. Empirical studies that implemented for various countries reveal workers’ ...

BACKGROUND There is a paradox in Russia and its Arctic regions which reports extremely low rates of occupational diseases (ODs), far below those of other socially and economically advanced circumpolar countries. Yet, there is widespread disregard for occupational health regulations and neglect of basic occupational health services across many industrial enterprises. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS T...

BACKGROUND Agricultural Workers are both more exposed to tetanus and at higher risk to be inadequately immunized than other usual recipients of the same vaccine. STUDY DESIGN Our cross-sectional questionnaire-based study aimed to evaluate tetanus vaccination status, knowledge, attitudes and practices in Agricultural Workers in North-Eastern Italy. METHODS Bivariate and multivariate logistic...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have proposed that having parents out of work may influence adolescent illness behaviour and school attendance. However, prior research investigating this question has been limited by retrospective reporting and case control studies. In a large epidemiological study we investigated whether parental work absence was associated with symptom complaints and increased sch...

BACKGROUND An elevated risk of patient/visitor perpetrated violence (type II) against hospital nurses and physicians have been reported, while little is known about type II violence among other hospital workers, and circumstances surrounding these events. METHODS Hospital workers (n = 11,000) in different geographic areas were invited to participate in an anonymous survey. RESULTS Twelve-mo...

Synopsis--The TEST METHODS used by several workers, or recommended by official compendia, for the MICROBIAL CONTROL of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products are reviewed and discussed. Attention has been drawn to important factors which can influence the results of tests--such as product composition, sample preparation, time and temperature of incubation and culture media. Reference is also made...