In this policy brief, we discuss implications of the use of school-level reform designs for state and local policymakers. The more schools choose such reforms, the more is being learned about the importance of the state and local roles in facilitating appropriate matches between designs and schools and in supporting designbased improvement over time. In the Fall of 1997, Congress authorized com...

In this policy brief, we discuss implications of the use of school-level reform designs for state and local policymakers. The more schools choose such reforms, the more is being learned about the importance of the state and local roles in facilitating appropriate matches between designs and schools and in supporting designbased improvement over time. In the Fall of 1997, Congress authorized com...

In this policy brief, we discuss implications of the use of school-level reform designs for state and local policymakers. The more schools choose such reforms, the more is being learned about the importance of the state and local roles in facilitating appropriate matches between designs and schools and in supporting designbased improvement over time. In the Fall of 1997, Congress authorized com...

In this policy brief, we discuss implications of the use of school-level reform designs for state and local policymakers. The more schools choose such reforms, the more is being learned about the importance of the state and local roles in facilitating appropriate matches between designs and schools and in supporting designbased improvement over time. In the Fall of 1997, Congress authorized com...

This chapter provides computational analyses of two common patterns in tone, unbounded tone shift and unbounded tone spreading, using autosegmental representations (Goldsmith, 1976). These patterns, exemplified here by data from two Bantu languages, illustrate two common characteristics of tone (see Yip, 2002). Unbounded tone shift in Zigula (Kenstowicz and Kisseberth, 1990) exemplifies the ‘mo...

Teachers and principals have the greatest impact on student learning. Unfortunately, our public education system, until recently, selected and tenured thousands of ineffective teachers and principals particularly in high-poverty urban school and rural schools. But the landscape of how teachers and principals—the education talent—are managed is dramatically changing. A comprehensive and holistic...

Examples of non-local phonological processes that are bound by prosodic domains are expected in the world’s phonologies. In other words, we should anticipate cases where the metrical foot constrains vowel harmony. Intuitively, it seems like a natural interaction. However, the notion of vowel harmony bound by the metrical foot has only been sparsely proposed in the literature (Abu-Salim 1987, Hu...

Programs that provide underserved populations with access to high-quality mathematics through workshops, clubs, and classroom observations (Civil, Stoehr, & Salazar, 2019; Civil Bernier, 2006; Diaz-Palomar, Menendez, Civil, 2011; Jimenez-Castellanos, Ochoa, Olivos, 2016; Muir, 2011, 2012; Quintos, Bratton, 2019) are vital. The community project (CMP) is one such program takes a holistic approac...

Abstract. This phonological analysis investigated the production of English consonant sounds produced by Balinese EFL students’ who speak an idiosyncratic native language as main phenomena and examined rules represented descriptively qualitatively. The data were gathered through digital recording observed identifying pronunciation note taking technique. study was supported theories regarding pr...