OBJECTIVE The static ocular counterroll (OCR) reflex generates partially compensatory torsional eye movements during head roll. It is mediated by the utricle in the inner ear. Skew deviation is a vertical strabismus thought to be caused by imbalance in the utriculo-ocular pathway. We hypothesized that if skew deviation is indeed caused by damage to this reflex pathway, patients with skew deviat...

In stationary head roll positions, the eyes are cyclodivergent. We asked whether this phenomenon can be explained by a static hysteresis that differs between the eyes contra- (CE) and ipsilateral (IE) to head roll. Using a motorized turntable, healthy human subjects (n = 8) were continuously rotated about the earth-horizontal naso-occipital axis. Starting from the upright position, a total of t...

Twenty-seven patients with unilateral sixth nerve palsy and ten normal subjects were studied. The range of ductions was examined and the degree of abduction defect was recorded. The amount of horizontal and vertical deviations was measured in nine diagnostic positions by the prism and cover test, Maddox rod and prism test, and magnetic scleral search coils. MRI with enhancement was performed fo...

To compute spatially correct smooth pursuit eye movements, the brain uses both retinal motion and extraretinal signals about the eyes and head in space (Blohm and Lefèvre 2010). However, when smooth eye movements rely solely on memorized target velocity, such as during anticipatory pursuit, it is unknown if this velocity memory also accounts for extraretinal information, such as head roll and o...