A radar scatterometer operates by transmitting a pulse of microwave energy toward the ocean’s surface and measuring the normalized (per-unit-surface) radar backscatter coefficient (r8). The primary application of scatterometry is the measurement of near-surface ocean winds. By combining r8 measurements from different azimuth angles, the 10 m vector wind can be determined through a Geophysical M...

Ocean currents play a key role in Earth’s climate, they are of major importance for navigation and human activities at sea, and impact almost all processes that take place in the ocean. Nevertheless, their observation and forecasting are still difficult. First, direct measurements of ocean currents are difficult to obtain synoptically at global scale. Consequently, it has been necessary to use ...

We discuss the problem of predicting ocean currents based on historical data and ocean models. This problem is relevant to navigation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and has significant scientific importance for analysis of biological processes and weather patterns. Available predictive models provide accurate prediction of these currents, but they typically do not provide confidence e...

Ocean currents play a key role in Earth’s climate – they impact almost any process taking place in the ocean and are of major importance for navigation and human activities at sea. Nevertheless, their observation and forecasting are still difficult. First, no observing system is able to provide direct measurements of global ocean currents on synoptic scales. Consequently, it has been necessary ...

s of the Talks Overview of IPCC ocean models 12 How well do ocean models simulate the tropics? 12 Sensitivity of ENSO variability in the CCCma coupled model to ocean model parameters and improved simulation of tropical currents with anisotropic viscosity 12 Sensitivity of equatorial currents to wind stress 13 Numerical simulation using an ocean general circulation model 13 How well do ocean mod...

Abstruct-By simultaneously transmitting acoustic pulses in opposite directions between two points in midocean, one can separate the effects of ocean currents on acoustic propagation from the effects of sound-speed strncture. Reciprocal acoustic transmissions can therefore be used to measure ocean currents. Acoustic transceivers have been designed and built to measure the mean currents between t...

The ocean plays a vital role in our environment. As such, an ability to model and predict its circulation can be of enormous value. Modelling and prediction of ocean currents in coastal regions is important for many reasons, including innuences on recreation, navigation, algal bloom formation, eeuent dispersion, search and rescue operations, and oil spills. Ocean currents near the coast also aa...