in nigeria, crowded housing is one of the housing stresses that bother policy-makers and housing authorities.this study examines the crowding levels in seven marital status categories among the occupants of lagos state development and property corporation’s apartments. the focus is on the capacity of an apartment’s internal spaces to meet the sleeping needs of households in different marital ar...

in nigeria, crowded housing is one of the housing stresses that bother policy-makers and housing authorities.this study examines the crowding levels in seven marital status categories among the occupants of lagos state development and property corporation’s apartments. the focus is on the capacity of an apartment’s internal spaces to meet the sleeping needs of households in different marital ar...

Studies of past emergency events have revealed that occupants’ behaviors, local geometry, and environmental constraints affect crowd movement and govern the evacuation. Occupants’ social characteristics and the unique layout of the buildings should be considered to ensure that the egress systems can handle the actual occupants’ behaviors in egress. This paper describes an agent-based egress sim...

The severity of injuries sustained by 2577 car occupants in road traffic accidents in the catchment area of one district accident service during February 1982 to January 1984 inclusive was assessed using the injury severity score system. In the first 12 months the mean injury severity score for front seat occupants injured in a road traffic accident was 4.94 and in the second 12 month period, a...

The objective of the study was to perform a benefits analysis of an injury-based advanced automatic crash notification (AACN) algorithm to estimate the reduction in undertriage (UT) and overtriage (OT) rates if the algorithm was implemented nationwide. In addition, the study sought to estimate the savings in societal costs using the Harm metric score. Benefits of an existing AACN algorithm were...

Pre-Crash Systems (PCS) integrate the features of active and passive safety systems to reduce both crash and injury severity. Upon detection of an impending collision, PCS can provide an early warning to the driver and activate automatic braking to reduce the crash severity for the subject vehicle. PCS can also activate the seatbelt pretensioners prior to impact. This paper identifies the oppor...

BACKGROUND Side-impact airbags (SABs) are designed to protect the head and thorax during a side-impact motor vehicle collision (MVC). Research on the effectiveness of SAB deployment has been limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of deployed SABs in reducing head and thoracic injuries during side-impact MVCs. METHODS The 2000-2009 National Automotive Sampling Sys...

This is a summary of a paper which first appeared in the International Journal of Crashworthiness under the title: “Side Impact Protection Occupants in the Far-Side Seat”, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp 93-122. Readers are directed to the full paper for a more comprehensive discussion of the issues presented here. Much of the applied vehicle side impact occupant protection research to date has concentrated ...

The passenger vehicle occupant fatality rate at nighttime is about three times higher than the daytime rate. In 2005, among the fatally injured passenger vehicle occupants, the proportion of unrestrained occupants was much higher during nighttime than daytime. Also during nighttime, among passenger vehicle occupants killed in crashes, alcohol involvement, speeding, and single-­vehicle crash fat...

OBJECTIVES To examine the damage location distribution of five main body region injuries of maximum abbreviated injury score (MAIS) 3-6 injured occupants for nearside struck vehicle in front-to-side impact crashes. DESIGN AND SETTING MAIS 3-6 injured occupants information was extracted from the US-National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System in the year 2007; it included th...