To make a supervisor comprehensible to a layman has been a long-lasting goal in the supervisory control community. One strategy is to reduce the size of a supervisor to generate a control equivalent version, whose size is hopefully much smaller than the original one so that a user or control designer can easily check whether a designed controller fulfils its objectives and requirements. After t...

We derive a number of equivalent conditions for a linear system to be energy preserving and hence, in particular, well-posed. Similarly, we derive equivalent conditions for a system to be conservative, which means that both the system and its dual are energy preserving. For systems whose control operator is one-to-one and whose observation operator has dense range, the equivalent conditions for...

Labeled transition systems (lts) provide an operational semantics for many speciication languages. In order to abstract unrelevant details of lts's, many behavioural equivalences have been deened; here observation equivalence is considered. We are interested in the following problem: Given a nite lts, which is the minimal observation equivalent lts corresponding to it ? It is well known that th...

In the framework of discrete event systems, the observation of events is considered as outputs in most problem settings, such as state estimation and fault diagnosis, while only a few studies exploit the availability of partial state information. In this paper, equivalent relations between Petri nets with different observation structures, i.e., Petri net generators, are discussed. We focus on a...

We study the static assignment to M parallel, exponential, heterogeneous servers. Blocked customers are lost, while the objective is to minimize the average number of blocked customers. The problem is formulated as a stochastic control problem with partial observation, and an equivalent full observation problem is formulated. Numerical experiments are conducted and the structure of the optimal ...

Two stochastic control problems with partial observations are studied, one where the policy or control law depends only on the latest observation (the controller does not have recall of observations), and the other with the standard partial observations model. The equivalent full observation problems are formulated, and the equivalence is proven using a new method. The results are illustrated w...

The use of PV equivalent latitude for assimilating stratospheric tracer observations is discussed – with particular regard to the errors in the equivalent latitude coordinate, and to the assimilation of sparse data. Some example measurements are assimilated: they sample the stratosphere sporadically and inhomogeneously. The aim was to obtain precise information about the isentropic tracer distr...

This study investigated the distribution of attention to frontal space in augmented reality (AR). We conducted two experiments to compare binocular and monocular observation when an AR image was presented. According to a previous study, when participants observed an AR image in monocular presentation, they perceived the AR image as more distant than in binocular vision. Therefore, we predicted ...

The central question of this paper is: are deterministic and indeterministic descriptions observationally equivalent in the sense that they give the same predictions? I tackle this question for measuretheoretic deterministic systems and stochastic processes, both of which are ubiquitous in science. I first show that for many measure-theoretic deterministic systems there is a stochastic process ...