We examine the long-run relationship between tourism development and economic growth using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for Bangladesh annual data from 1980-2016. find an asymmetric Bangladesh's economy since a one percent increase in receipt increases by about 0.19 percent. On contrary, due to decline receipt, will decrease 0.66 So, have higher negative impact on than...

This paper explores the determinants of intelligence by focusing on the role played by barriers to the diffusion of competence and human capital. The results based on crosssectional data from 167 countries consisting of 1996-2009 averages suggest that, genetic distance to global frontiers has a negative relationship with human capital. Countries that are genetically far from leading nations ten...

In this paper we investigate the evolution of the inequality in well-being across di¤erent countries between 1975 and 2000. We treat well-being as a multidimensional concept focusing on three important dimensions of life: standard of living, health and education. Inequality in the three dimensions shows a di¤erent trend between 1975 and 2000. We propose a ‡exible measure of well-being and use t...

China has been considered as such a successful example of enhancing economic growth by massive infrastructure investments in the past decades. A recent paper by Shi and Huang (2014) indicates a very big positive return of public infrastructure in China during 1995-2011 using China’s provincial-level data. However, the literature has provided con‡icting empirical results on the productivity e¤ec...

The issue of convergence has been hotly debated since the mid 1980s. Only recently certain consensus has arisen around some of the most fundamental issues. It seems hardly surprising, then, to find a large variation in how those issues are taught to undergraduates. This paper is an attempt at clarifying the different concepts of convergence, and their relation to both the neoclassical model of ...

Shrub encroachment into grass-dominated biomes is occurring globally due to a variety of anthropogenic activities, but the consequences for carbon (C) inputs, storage and cycling remain unclear. We studied eight North American graminoid-dominated ecosystems invaded by shrubs, from arctic tundra to Atlantic coastal dunes, to quantify patterns and controls of C inputs via aboveground net primary ...

When Small is Beautiful: Measuring the Evolution and Consequences of the Voluminosity of Patent Applications at the EPO* The joint increase in the number and size of patents filed around the world puts patent systems under pressure. This paper addresses issues in measuring the voluminosity of patent applications and highlights patterns in its evolution. The results based on a 2 million EPO appl...

In this paper, we argue that study of the effect of financial development and shocks on aggregate growth volatility will not be informative because they affect growth volatility through its different components. Financial development affects only the business cycle component of volatility and therefore, the effect on total volatility is dependent on its share in total volatility. On the contrar...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. With official development assistance (ODA) set to rise as cou...

Shrub encroachment into grass-dominated biomes is occurring globally due to a variety of anthropogenic activities, but the consequences for carbon (C) inputs, storage and cycling remain unclear. We studied eight North American graminoid-dominated ecosystems invaded by shrubs, from arctic tundra to Atlantic coastal dunes, to quantify patterns and controls of C inputs via aboveground net primary ...